Graphene nanosheets (GNs) may spontaneously insert into cell membranes and perturb the dynamic organization of the surrounding lipid bilayer. Understanding the interaction between GNs and cell membranes is vital for learning how to avoid adverse effects and nanomedical applications. To better understand the nature of such perturbations, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to provide molecular details about the molecular mechanism. In this study, we observed two typical interaction states of the GN–membrane systems. Both states have different effects on the cell membrane (lipid density, membrane thickness, and the mobility of phospholipids). Of great interest is that the insertion of GNs could generate a liquid-ordered domain and dramatically reduce the rate of lipid flip-flop. A similar phenomenon could be found in the GN adhesion states. Thus, these results could facilitate molecular-level understanding of the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials and help future studies on designing personalized drugs and therapeutics for diseases.

中文翻译：

---

石墨烯纳米片介导的膜扰动和脂质触发器

石墨烯纳米片（GNs）可能自发插入细胞膜并扰乱周围脂质双层的动态组织。了解GN和细胞膜之间的相互作用对于学习如何避免不良影响和纳米医学应用至关重要。为了更好地理解这种扰动的性质，我们进行了分子动力学模拟，以提供有关分子机理的分子细节。在这项研究中，我们观察到了GN-膜系统的两种典型的相互作用状态。两种状态对细胞膜的影响不同（脂质密度，膜厚度和磷脂的迁移率）。引起极大兴趣的是，插入GN可能会产生液序结构域，并显着降低脂质翻转的速率。在GN粘附状态中也可以发现类似的现象。