Empirical place-based studies remain the research mode of most environmental field scientists. For their own sake and that of synthetic analyses based on them, such studies should follow rigorous, integrated frameworks for formulating, designing, executing, analyzing, interpreting, and reporting investigations. The inquiry cycle and applied inquiry cycle provide such frameworks: research questions complying with strict guidelines, research design following 17 detailed steps, and ordered sequences of reflections on data that begin with possible causes of their general tendencies and exceptions (outliers) and then consider possibilities involving other spatiotemporal scales. The applied inquiry cycle evaluates alternative place-based management guidelines. In these studies, reflection on results can lead to implementing the most promising alternative examined, monitoring the consequences, and engaging in adaptive management. The integration from start to finish and the numerous reality checks of the two frameworks provide field researchers with tools to carry out the best, or least flawed, field investigations possible.

中文翻译：

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咨询周期和应用咨询周期：环境科学领域综合研究框架

基于经验的基于地点的研究仍然是大多数环境领域科学家的研究模式。为了自己和基于它们的综合分析的目的，此类研究应遵循严格的，综合的框架来制定，设计，执行，分析，解释和报告调查。探究周期和应用探究周期提供了这样的框架：遵循严格准则的研究问题，遵循17个详细步骤的研究设计以及对数据的有序反射序列，这些反射序列的始端可能是其一般趋势和异常（异常值），然后才考虑可能性涉及其他时空尺度。应用的查询周期评估替代的基于地点的管理指南。在这些研究中，对结果的反思可以导致实施最有希望的替代方案，监测结果并进行适应性管理。从头到尾的集成以及对这两个框架的众多现实检查，为现场研究人员提供了进行最佳或最少缺陷的现场调查的工具。