In recent years, an increasing rate of mortality due to myocardial infarction (MI) has led to the development of nanobased platforms, especially gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), as promising nanomaterials for diagnosis and treatment of MI. These promising NPs have been used to develop different nanobiosensors, mainly optical sensors for early detection of biomarkers as well as biomimetic/bioinspired platforms for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE). Therefore, in this Review, we presented an overview on the potential application of AuNPs as optical (surface plasmon resonance, colorimetric, fluorescence, and chemiluminescence) nanobiosensors for early diagnosis and prognosis of MI. On the other hand, we discussed the potential application of AuNPs either alone or with other NPs/polymers as promising three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to regulate the microenvironment and mimic the morphological and electrical features of cardiac cells for potential application in CTE. Furthermore, we presented the challenges and ongoing efforts associated with the application of AuNPs in the diagnosis and treatment of MI. In conclusion, this Review may provide outstanding information regarding the development of AuNP-based technology as a promising platform for current MI treatment approaches.

中文翻译：

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基于金纳米颗粒的心肌梗死诊断和治疗平台

近年来，由于心肌梗塞（MI）引起的死亡率增加，导致了纳米平台的发展，尤其是金纳米颗粒（AuNPs），作为有前景的用于MI诊断和治疗的纳米材料。这些有前途的NP已用于开发不同的纳米生物传感器，主要是用于早期检测生物标志物的光学传感器，以及用于心脏组织工程（CTE）的仿生/生物启发平台。因此，在本综述中，我们概述了AuNPs作为光学（表面等离振子共振，比色，荧光和化学发光）纳米生物传感器在MI的早期诊断和预后方面的潜在应用。另一方面，我们讨论了AuNPs单独或与其他NPs /聚合物一起作为有希望的三维（3D）支架来调节微环境并模仿心脏细胞的形态和电学特征在CTE中的潜在应用的潜在应用。此外，我们介绍了与AuNPs在MI的诊断和治疗中相关的挑战和正在进行的工作。总之，本综述可提供有关基于AuNP的技术发展的出色信息，该技术是当前MI治疗方法的有希望的平台。