ABSTRACT In 2018, global crude steel production was approx. 1.8 gigatonnes while its direct CO2 emissions stood at 2 giga tonnes (2017), representing 23.5% of all direct industrial emissions. Globally iron and steel industry (ISI sector) is the second largest emitter after the cement industry while in Finland and Sweden the ISI sector is the largest industrial source of fossil CO2. Biocarbon received from forest sector residues, such as bark, sawdust and lignin, provides an opportunity to a rapid reduction in fossil CO2 emissions in the industry. Use of biocarbon for reduction purposes bestows an asset for both the forest and metals production and processing industry in Finland as well as in the Scandinavian countries. In this study, the focus was on the techno-economic evaluation of biocarbon production (1) from bark-based black pellets produced in a stand-alone plant close to a steel mill and (2) from bark produced in a pulp mill integrated plant. The economics of biocarbon production costs from bark appear promising, providing also an ample source, at an annual potential of up to 95,000 tonnes of biocarbon from a single pulp mill. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

中文翻译：

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来自树皮或黑色球团的生物碳作为炼钢煤的替代品——技术经济评估

摘要 2018 年，全球粗钢产量约为 1.8 吉吨，而其直接二氧化碳排放量为 2 吉吨（2017 年），占所有直接工业排放量的 23.5%。在全球范围内，钢铁行业（ISI 行业）是仅次于水泥行业的第二大排放国，而在芬兰和瑞典，ISI 行业是化石二氧化碳的最大工业来源。从森林部门的残余物中获得的生物碳，如树皮、锯末和木质素，为快速减少该行业的化石二氧化碳排放提供了机会。将生物碳用于减排目的为芬兰以及斯堪的纳维亚国家的森林和金属生产和加工业提供了一种资产。在这项研究中，重点是对生物碳生产的技术经济评估 (1) 从靠近钢厂的独立工厂生产的树皮黑色颗粒和 (2) 从纸浆厂综合工厂生产的树皮。来自树皮的生物碳生产成本的经济性似乎很有前景，同时也提供了充足的来源，单个纸浆厂每年可生产高达 95,000 吨的生物碳。图形概要