ABSTRACT

1. A trial was conducted to study the effects of partial replacement of sunflower meal (SFM) for soybean meal (SBM) on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract traits (GIT) in pullets.

2. A total of 600 pullets (29 d of age) was randomly assigned to three dietary treatments and fed for 84 d. The birds were fed a practical diet with a low level of crude fibre (CF; LF) or test diets containing a medium or high level of CF (MF and HF) by partial (50% to 75%) replacement of SBM with SFM. Accordingly, the grower diets contained 29, 40 and 51 g CF/kg, which corresponded to 31, 45 and 59 g CF/kg in developer diets. Each dietary treatment was replicated 8 times (25 pullets per replicate).

3. Body weight did not differ significantly among treatments at d 29, 84 and 112 d but increased (P < 0.05) with SFM supplementation at d 54. From 29 to 112 d of age, daily feed and energy intake linearly increased (P < 0.01) with SFM supplementation, but body weight gain and feed conversion ratios were comparable amongst the groups.

4. Digestive organ size was not affected by the dietary treatments, but gizzard weight increased in pullets fed MF and HF diets (P < 0.01). Digesta pH in the gizzard, duodenum, jejunum and ileum were reduced linearly (P < 0.01) with SFM supplementation, while a quadratic response was observed for proventriculus pH (P < 0.05).

5. Small intestine morphology traits improved with a moderate level of CF intake, whereas no benefit was observed with a high level of CF consumption.

6. The results showed that use of SFM up to 140 g/kg can be recommended for pullets fed diets based on corn and soybean meal. However, smaller intestinal absorptive capacity with higher SFM supplementation may occur.

摘要

1. 一项试验研究了用豆粕 (SBM) 部分替代葵花粕 (SFM) 对小母鸡生长性能和胃肠道性状 (GIT) 的影响。

2. 600 只小母鸡（29 日龄）被随机分配到 3 个日粮处理组，饲喂 84 天。通过用 SFM 部分（50% 至 75%）替代 SBM，这些鸡被饲喂具有低水平粗纤维（CF；LF）的实用日粮或含有中等或高水平 CF（MF 和 HF）的测试日粮。因此，生长者日粮含有 29、40 和 51 g CF/kg，对应于开发者日粮中的 31、45 和 59 g CF/kg。每个日粮处理重复 8 次（每个重复 25 只小母鸡）。

3. 体重在第 29、84 和 112 天处理之间没有显着差异，但在第 54 天添加 SFM 后体重增加（P < 0.05）。从 29 到 112 天，每日饲料和能量摄入线性增加（P < 0.01) 与 SFM 补充，但体重增加和饲料转化率在各组之间是可比的。

4.消化器官大小不受日粮处理的影响，但饲喂MF和HF日粮的后备母鸡的砂囊重量增加（P < 0.01）。补充 SFM 后，砂囊、十二指肠、空肠和回肠中的消化物 pH 呈线性下降（P < 0.01），而腺胃 pH 呈二次响应（P < 0.05）。

5. 小肠形态特征在适度摄入 CF 时得到改善，而在高水平 CF 摄入时未观察到任何益处。

6. 结果表明，对于以玉米和豆粕为基础的母鸡饲喂日粮，建议使用高达 140 g/kg 的 SFM。然而，可能会出现较小的肠道吸收能力和较高的 SFM 补充。