Virulence ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-29 , DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1848107 Xiao-Wen Huang 1 , Mei-Nian Xu 1 , Huan-Xin Zheng 1 , Meng-Lei Wang 1 , Li Li 1 , Kang Zeng 1 , De-Dong Li 2, 3
ABSTRACT
Commensal fungi are an important part of human microbial community, among which Candida albicans and Candida glabrata are two common opportunistic pathogens. Unlike the high pathogenicity of C. albicans, C. glabrata is reported to show low pathogenicity to the host. Here, by using a Galleria mellonella infection model, we were able to confirm the much lower virulence of C. glabrata than C. albicans. Interestingly, pre-exposure to live C. glabrata (LCG) protects the larvae against subsequent various lethal fungal infections, including C. albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Inconsistently, heat-inactivated C. glabrata (HICG) pre-exposure can only protect against C. albicans or C. tropicalis re-infection, but not C. neoformans. Mechanistically, LCG or HICG pre-exposure enhanced the fungicidal activity of hemocytes against C. albicans or C. tropicalis. Meanwhile, LCG pre-exposure enhanced the humoral immunity by modulating the expression of fungal defending proteins in the cell-free hemolymph, which may contribute to the protection against C. neoformans. Together, this study suggests the important role of C. glabrata in enhancing host immunity, and demonstrates the great potential of G. mellonella model in studying the innate immune responses against infections.
中文翻译:
预先接触光滑念珠菌可保护大蜡螟免受随后的致命真菌感染
摘要
共生真菌是人类微生物群落的重要组成部分,其中白色念珠菌和光滑念珠菌是两种常见的条件致病菌。与白色念珠菌的高致病性不同,光滑念珠菌对宿主的致病性较低。在这里,通过使用大蜡螟感染模型,我们能够确认的低得多的毒力光滑念珠菌比白色念珠菌。有趣的是,预先接触活的光滑念珠菌(LCG) 可以保护幼虫免受随后的各种致命真菌感染,包括白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌和新型隐球菌. 不一致的是,热灭活的光滑念珠菌(HICG) 预暴露只能防止白色念珠菌或热带念珠菌再感染,而不能预防新型念珠菌。从机制上讲,LCG 或 HICG 预暴露增强了血细胞对白色念珠菌或热带念珠菌的杀真菌活性。同时,LCG 预暴露通过调节无细胞血淋巴中真菌防御蛋白的表达来增强体液免疫,这可能有助于预防新型念珠菌。总之,这项研究表明C. glabrata在增强宿主免疫力方面的重要作用,并证明了C. glabrata的巨大潜力G. mellonella模型研究针对感染的先天免疫反应。