Alcohol and tobacco are the most frequently consumed substances in the world. Both are significantly associated with the increasing number of different diseases. Thus, monitoring nicotine and alcohol use is vital for public health planning and intervention strategies. This study aimed to calculate estimates of alcohol and nicotine use in 11 cities of Turkey using wastewater‐based epidemiology. In 2019, daily composite wastewater samples from 18 wastewater treatment plants were collected for a week per season. The 24‐h composite samples were collected via auto‐samplers. Sample preparation for wastewater samples collected was done using liquid–liquid extraction and solid‐phase extraction. Nicotine and ethyl sulfate (EtS) were analyzed using validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. The estimated average nicotine consumption was 2.84 mg/p/day, and the average alcohol consumption was 3.46 ± 1.83 ml/p/day. The highest nicotine consumption was observed in Kayseri city; the highest alcohol consumption was calculated for Mersin city. In this study, the cigarette and alcohol consumption estimate obtained by wastewater‐based epidemiology (WBE) was found to be higher than the Turkey Tobacco and Alcohol Market Regulatory Authority report. To our knowledge, this study is the most comprehensive one so far applied using WBE for 11 cities in Turkey and evaluates alcohol and nicotine use together.

中文翻译：

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使用基于废水的流行病学估计土耳其 11 个城市的酒精和尼古丁消耗量

酒精和烟草是世界上消费最频繁的物质。两者都与越来越多的不同疾病显着相关。因此，监测尼古丁和酒精的使用对于公共卫生规划和干预策略至关重要。本研究旨在使用基于废水的流行病学方法计算土耳其 11 个城市的酒精和尼古丁使用估计值。2019 年，每个季节收集 18 个污水处理厂的每日复合污水样本，时间为一周。通过自动进样器收集 24 小时复合样品。使用液-液萃取和固相萃取对收集的废水样品进行样品制备。尼古丁和硫酸乙酯 (EtS) 使用经过验证的液相色谱-串联质谱法进行分析。估计的平均尼古丁消耗量为 2.84 mg/p/天，平均酒精消耗量为 3.46 ± 1.83 ml/p/天。开塞利市的尼古丁消耗量最高；Mersin 市的酒精消耗量最高。在这项研究中，发现通过基于废水的流行病学 (WBE) 获得的香烟和酒精消耗量估计高于土耳其烟草和酒精市场监管局的报告。据我们所知，这项研究是迄今为止在土耳其 11 个城市使用 WBE 应用的最全面的研究，并同时评估了酒精和尼古丁的使用情况。发现通过基于废水的流行病学 (WBE) 获得的香烟和酒精消耗量估计高于土耳其烟草和酒精市场监管局的报告。据我们所知，这项研究是迄今为止在土耳其 11 个城市使用 WBE 应用的最全面的研究，并同时评估了酒精和尼古丁的使用情况。发现通过基于废水的流行病学 (WBE) 获得的香烟和酒精消耗量估计高于土耳其烟草和酒精市场监管局的报告。据我们所知，这项研究是迄今为止在土耳其 11 个城市使用 WBE 应用的最全面的研究，并同时评估了酒精和尼古丁的使用情况。