Biological invasions are a major human induced global change that is threatening global biodiversity by homogenizing the world’s fauna and flora. Species spread because humans have moved species across geographical boundaries and have changed ecological factors that structure ecosystems, such as nitrogen deposition, disturbance, etc. Many biological invasions are caused accidentally, as a byproduct of human travel and commerce driven product shipping. However, humans also have spread many species intentionally because of perceived benefits. Of interest is the role of the recent exponential growth in information exchange via internet social media in driving biological invasions. To date, this has not been examined. Here, we show that for one such invasive species, goldenrod, social networks spread misleading and incomplete information that is enhancing the spread of goldenrod invasions into new environments. We show that the notion of goldenrod honey as a “superfood” with unsupported healing properties is driving a demand that leads beekeepers to produce goldenrod honey. Social networks provide a forum for such information exchange and this is leading to further spread of goldenrod in many countries where goldenrod is not native, such as Poland. However, this informal social information exchange ignores laws that focus on preventing the further spread of invasive species and the strong negative effects that goldenrod has on native ecosystems, including floral resources that negatively impact honeybee performance. Thus, scientifically unsupported information on “superfoods” such as goldenrod honey that is disseminated through social internet networks has real world consequences such as increased goldenrod invasions into novel geographical regions which decreases native biodiversity.

中文翻译：

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错误信息，互联网蜂蜜交易和养蜂人导致植物入侵

生物入侵是人类引起的重大全球变化，它通过使世界上的动植物种类均一化而威胁着全球生物多样性。物种之所以扩散，是因为人类已经跨地理边界移动了物种，并且改变了构成生态系统的生态因素，例如氮沉降，干扰等。许多生物入侵是人类旅行和商业驱动的产品运输的副产品，是偶然造成的。然而，由于感知到的好处，人类还故意传播了许多物种。令人感兴趣的是，最近通过互联网社交媒体进行的信息交换的指数增长在推动生物入侵方面的作用。迄今为止，尚未对此进行检查。在这里，我们表明，对于一种这样的入侵物种，菊科植物，社交网络散布了误导性和不完整的信息，从而加剧了菊科植物入侵到新环境的传播。我们证明，金毛蜂蜜作为具有不受支持的治疗特性的“超级食品”的概念正在推动需求，从而导致养蜂人生产金毛蜂蜜。社交网络为此类信息交换提供了一个论坛，这正在导致Goldenrod在许多非Goldenrod本地国家（例如波兰）中进一步传播。但是，这种非正式的社会信息交流忽略了侧重于防止入侵物种进一步扩散以及菊科植物对原生生态系统（包括对蜜蜂性能产生负面影响的花卉资源）产生的强烈负面影响的法律。从而，