Abstract Porous ceramic materials have a wide range of potential applications for which controlling the structure across multiple length scales is desirable. Additive manufacturing (AM) of porous ceramics is therefore of interest for design flexibility. Here, a ceramic ink compatible with 2 AM techniques, projection microstereolithography (PμSL) and direct ink write (DIW), was formulated and demonstrated printed parts with a range of controllable feature sizes as well as nanoporosity resulting from partial sintering. A diacrylate polymer was mixed with 3% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (3YZ) ceramic nanoparticles having different sizes and solids loadings to find formulations that meet the printing requirements of both AM techniques. Detailed rheological studies were used to determine optimal ink formulations to use for either printing method. The resulting 3YZ structures printed with DIW and PμSL have engineered macro cavities with span lengths greater than several millimeters, wall thicknesses of 200 to 540 μm, and porosity within the wall structure on the order of 100 nm. This study revealed that through facile composition changes to the 3YZ ink, it was feasible to use the same ink base for multiple AM techniques without the need for separate cumbersome ink development processes.

中文翻译：

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3D 打印纳米多孔陶瓷：用于直接墨水写入和投影微立体光刻的可调原料

摘要 多孔陶瓷材料具有广泛的潜在应用，需要在多个长度尺度上控制结构。因此，多孔陶瓷的增材制造 (AM) 对设计灵活性很重要。在这里，配制了一种与 2 AM 技术、投影微立体光刻 (PμSL) 和直接墨水写入 (DIW) 兼容的陶瓷墨水，并展示了具有一系列可控特征尺寸以及部分烧结产生的纳米孔隙率的打印部件。将二丙烯酸酯聚合物与 3% 氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆 (3YZ) 陶瓷纳米粒子混合，该纳米粒子具有不同的尺寸和固体负载量，以找到满足两种 AM 技术印刷要求的配方。详细的流变学研究用于确定用于任一印刷方法的最佳油墨配方。用 DIW 和 PμSL 打印所得的 3YZ 结构设计了跨度大于几毫米的宏观空腔，壁厚为 200 至 540 μm，壁结构内的孔隙率约为 100 nm。这项研究表明，通过对 3YZ 墨水进行轻松的成分更改，可以将相同的墨水基础用于多种 AM 技术，而无需单独的繁琐墨水开发过程。