Abstract This paper presents a review of the worldwide applications of geothermal energy for direct utilization and updates the previous survey carried out in 2015. We also compare data from WGC1995, WGC2000, WGC2005, WGC2010, and WGC2015 presented at World Geothermal Congresses in Italy, Japan, Turkey, Indonesia and Australia. As in previous reports, an effort is made to quantify geothermal (ground-source) heat pump data. The present report is based on country update papers received from 62 countries and regions reporting on their direct utilization of geothermal energy. Twenty-six additional countries were added to the list based on other sources of information. Thus, direct utilization of geothermal energy in a total of 88 countries is an increase from 82 in 2015, 78 reported in 2010, 72 reported in 2005, 58 reported in 2000, and 28 reported in 1995. An estimation of the installed thermal power for direct utilization at the end of 2019 is used in this paper and equals 107,727 MWt, a 52.0 % increase over the 2015 data, growing at a compound rate of 8.73 % annually. The thermal energy used is 1,020,887 TJ/yr (283,580 GW h/yr.), a 72.3 % increase over 2015, growing at a compound rate of 11.5 % annually. The distribution of thermal energy used by category is approximately 58.8 % for geothermal (ground-source) heat pumps, 18.0 % for bathing and swimming (including balneology), 16.0 % for space heating (of which 91.0 % is for district heating), 3.5 % for greenhouse heating, 1.6 % for industrial applications, 1.3 % for aquaculture pond and raceway heating, 0.4 % for agricultural drying, 0.2 % for snow melting and cooling, and 0.2 % for other applications. Energy savings amounts to 596 million barrels (81.0 million tonnes) of equivalent oil annually, preventing 78.1 million tonnes of carbon and 252.6 million tonnes of CO2 from being released to the atmosphere. This includes savings for geothermal heat pumps in the cooling mode, compared to using fuel oil to generate electricity. Since it is almost impossible to separate direct-use from electric power generation for the following, they are combined: approximately 2647 wells were drilled in 42 countries, 34,500 person-years of effort were allocated in 59 countries, and US $22.262 billion invested in projects by 53 countries.

中文翻译：

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地热能直接利用 2020 全球回顾

摘要 本文回顾了地热能直接利用的全球应用，并更新了 2015 年进行的先前调查。我们还比较了在意大利、日本举行的世界地热大会上展示的 WGC1995、WGC2000、WGC2005、WGC2010 和 WGC2015 的数据、土耳其、印度尼西亚和澳大利亚。与之前的报告一样，正在努力量化地热（地源）热泵数据。本报告基于从 62 个国家和地区收到的报告其直接利用地热能的国家更新文件。根据其他信息来源，将另外 26 个国家添加到列表中。因此，共有 88 个国家直接利用地热能，比 2015 年的 82 个、2010 年报告的 78 个、2005 年报告的 72 个、2000 年报告的 58 个、和 28 报告于 1995 年。 本文使用了 2019 年底直接利用的装机热电估算，等于 107,727 MWt，比 2015 年的数据增长 52.0%，年复合增长率为 8.73%。使用的热能为 1,020,887 TJ/yr（283,580 GW h/yr.），比 2015 年增长 72.3%，年复合增长率为 11.5%。按类别使用的热能分布大约为地热（地源）热泵的 58.8%，沐浴和游泳（包括浴学）的 18.0%，空间供暖的 16.0%（其中 91.0% 用于区域供热），3.5 % 用于温室加热，1.6 % 用于工业应用，1.3 % 用于水产养殖池塘和水道加热，0.4 % 用于农业干燥，0.2 % 用于融雪和冷却，以及 0.2 % 用于其他应用。每年可节省 5.96 亿桶（8100 万吨）当量石油，防止 7810 万吨碳和 2.526 亿吨二氧化碳排放到大气中。与使用燃油发电相比，这包括在冷却模式下地热热泵的节省。由于以下几方面几乎不可能将直用与发电分开，因此将它们合并：在42个国家钻探约2647口井，在59个国家投入了34,500人年的努力，以及222.62亿美元的项目投资来自 53 个国家。与使用燃油发电相比，这包括在冷却模式下地热热泵的节省。由于以下几方面几乎不可能将直用与发电分开，因此将它们合并：在42个国家钻探约2647口井，在59个国家投入了34,500人年的努力，以及222.62亿美元的项目投资来自 53 个国家。与使用燃油发电相比，这包括在冷却模式下地热热泵的节省。由于以下几方面几乎不可能将直用与发电分开，因此将它们合并：在42个国家钻探约2647口井，在59个国家投入了34,500人年的努力，以及222.62亿美元的项目投资来自 53 个国家。