Abstract Previous studies using unmanned aerial vehicles and remote sensing techniques have provided data on group sediment dynamics and overall mobility of a boulder beach at Oia in Galicia, northwestern Spain. They recorded changes in the location and disposition of hundreds of clasts but were unable to trace the intermittent movement of individual boulders. Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) sensors were used in the present study to identify and record the long-term trajectories of boulders in this area. Sensors were installed in 80 boulders (mean intermediate axes approximately 55 cm) in September 2016 and were used to locate and record their displacement on five occasions, terminating in December 2019. Although burial and other factors prevented data being collected from every tagged boulder during these periods, recovery rates ranged from approximately 50%–75% of the original population. There was considerable variability in the displacement of the boulders, with maxima of >20 m and mean values >5 m. The distance of travel tended to decrease during the course of this study, despite a corresponding increase in storm frequency and intensity. Patterns of movement, including transport distance and direction were essentially chaotic in nature, reflecting the complex interaction and compound effect of a multitude of controls related to such factors as the location of boulders on the beach, their relationship to surrounding boulders, including the effects of sheltering, interlocking, and burial, and their size, shape, and other physical characteristics. The unpredictable behaviour and high transport thresholds of boulder beaches are in contrast to sand and gravel beaches that are characterized by more uniform and predictable patterns of sediment transport and morphological change.

中文翻译：

---

在西班牙西北部加利西亚的巨石海滩上使用 RFID 传感器跟踪碎屑的移动性

摘要 先前使用无人驾驶飞行器和遥感技术的研究提供了有关西班牙西北部加利西亚 Oia 巨石海滩群沉积动力学和整体流动性的数据。他们记录了数百个碎屑的位置和分布的变化，但无法追踪单个巨石的间歇性运动。本研究使用射频识别 (RFID) 传感器来识别和记录该区域巨石的长期轨迹。传感器于 2016 年 9 月安装在 80 块巨石（平均中间轴约 55 厘米）中，并用于五次定位和记录它们的位移，并于 2019 年 12 月终止。尽管在这些情况下，埋葬和其他因素阻止从每个标记的巨石收集数据期间，恢复率约为原始人口的 50%–75%。巨石的位移变化很大，最大值 >20 m，平均值 >5 m。尽管风暴频率和强度相应增加，但在本研究过程中，行驶距离趋于缩短。包括运输距离和方向在内的运动模式本质上是混乱的，反映了与海滩上巨石的位置、它们与周围巨石的关系等因素相关的多种控制的复杂相互作用和复合效应，包括掩蔽、联锁和埋葬，以及它们的大小、形状和其他物理特征。