Prefabricated inpatient wards have been proven to be an efficient alternative to quickly extend the caring capacity for patients. In this study, three typical ventilation strategies were studied using computational fluid dynamics in a prefabricated Coronavirus disease 2019 double-patient ward. Pollutants are the respiratory droplets and aerosols injected from two manikins. They are modelled as particles with different diameters (3 μm, 6 μm, 12 μm, 20 μm, 45 μm and 175 μm) by the Eulerian–Lagrangian model. Three ventilation strategies with an identical air change rate of 12.3 h−1 but different layouts of inlets and outlets are implemented. The flow field, flow structures and particle trajectories have been analysed and compared among the three ventilation strategies. The fate of particles is analysed and compared quantitatively. It is found that small particles (<20 μm) can move along with the main flow streams. Most of them are removed by ventilation to the outlet(s). Large particles (>45 μm) cannot move with the flow streams over a long path. Most of them deposit on solid surfaces in different regions of the ward in each ventilation strategy. Health workers should pay close attention to these polluted areas. Targeted cleaning of the polluted areas is necessary in a prefabricated inpatient ward. To promote the removal of some large particles (e.g., 45 μm) by the outlet(s), the outlet(s) should be installed inside the landing area of large particles and close to the polluted source(s).

中文翻译：

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预制COVID-19住院病房三种通风策略的数值研究

预制住院病房已被证明是快速扩大患者护理能力的有效替代方案。在这项研究中，使用计算流体动力学在预制的 2019 冠状病毒病双人病房中研究了三种典型的通风策略。污染物是从两个人体模型中喷出的呼吸道飞沫和气溶胶。通过欧拉-拉格朗日模型将它们建模为具有不同直径（3 μm、6 μm、12 μm、20 μm、45 μm 和 175 μm）的粒子。实施了三种通风策略，换气率相同，均为 12.3 h−1，但进风口和出风口的布局不同。对三种通风策略的流场、流动结构和粒子轨迹进行了分析和比较。对粒子的命运进行了定量分析和比较。发现小颗粒 (<20 μm) 可以与主流一起移动。它们中的大部分通过出口通风去除。大颗粒 (>45 μm) 不能随气流在长路径上移动。在每个通风策略中，它们中的大多数沉积在病房不同区域的固体表面上。卫生工作者应密切关注这些污染区域。在预制住院病房中，有必要对污染区域进行有针对性的清洁。为了促进出口去除一些大颗粒（例如，45 μm），出口应安装在大颗粒着陆区内并靠近污染源。45 μm）不能随流动流在很长的路径上移动。在每个通风策略中，它们中的大多数沉积在病房不同区域的固体表面上。卫生工作者应密切关注这些污染区域。在预制住院病房中，有必要对污染区域进行有针对性的清洁。为了促进出口去除一些大颗粒（例如，45 μm），出口应安装在大颗粒着陆区内并靠近污染源。45 μm）不能随流动流在很长的路径上移动。在每个通风策略中，它们中的大多数沉积在病房不同区域的固体表面上。卫生工作者应密切关注这些污染区域。在预制住院病房中，有必要对污染区域进行有针对性的清洁。为了促进出口去除一些大颗粒（例如，45 μm），出口应安装在大颗粒着陆区内并靠近污染源。