This paper deals with the experimental analysis of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) of AA1100 aluminum alloy joined by means of a square pin tool. During the process, temperature measurement has been done by means of K-type thermocouples and it has been noticed that the temperature in the advancing side (AS) of the weld is about 20-25 °C higher than its retreating side (RS). The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the welded specimen is increased by 20% of the parent material due to the uniform dispersion of silicon particles present within the base material. Microstructural observations revealed finely arranged equiaxed grains in the nugget region of the weld. X-ray diffraction results showed the formation of alumina (Al₂O₃) in the weld nugget due to high heat generation and exposure to atmospheric oxygen during welding. Residual stress measurement exhibited a M-shaped distribution. The samples joined at low travel speed and high tool rotational speed showed compressive residual stress in the joint region. Residual stress of the material lying below the tool shoulder is found to be tensile in nature. Also, it has been noticed that the residual stress in the AS is superior in magnitude than the RS of the weld specimen.

本文通过方形销钉工具对AA1100铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）进行了实验分析。在此过程中，已经通过K型热电偶进行了温度测量，并且已经注意到，焊缝前进侧（AS）的温度比其后退侧（RS）高约20-25°C。焊接样品的极限拉伸强度（UTS）比母材提高了20％，这是因为基材中存在的硅颗粒均匀分散。显微组织观察表明，在焊缝的熔核区域内，细轴排列的晶粒细化。X射线衍射结果表明形成了氧化铝（Al ₂ O ₃）在焊接过程中会因产生大量热量并暴露在大气氧气中而在焊核中产生。残余应力测量显示出M形分布。以低行进速度和高工具转速接合的样品在接合区域显示出压缩残余应力。发现位于刀肩下方的材料的残余应力本质上是拉伸应力。另外，已经注意到，AS中的残余应力在大小上优于焊接试样的RS。