Governance gaps at both the federal and state level increasingly necessitate local action and remain a key driver of community-based solutions. A localist paradigm—encompassing models such as community-based management, citizen science, and cooperative research—offers a promising approach for bridging governance gaps by engaging citizens, co-producing knowledge, fostering trust, and developing innovative solutions to address complex conservation challenges. Yet, despite notable successes, significant barriers constrain widespread implementation of localist approaches. This is particularly evident in natural resource-dependent communities. Rural communities are increasingly faced with a range of conservation challenges related to rapid climate and land-use changes but often they lack the capacity to support locally based initiatives to better anticipate, plan for, and mitigate these changes. We examined four diverse conservation cases based on localist approaches in Maine, USA, to bring to the fore key factors that influence outcomes in different social-ecological contexts. We compared cases along three frequently discussed dimensions—governance systems, social adaptive capacities, and technology and data characteristics and found that localist outcomes vary widely depending on key metrics within each of these dimensions. There is no single way to advance localism, but we offer multiple ways to incorporate a community-based perspective into management. This synthesis of data from our collective participatory research projects provides guidance to maximize the potential of localist conservation approaches in complex social and biophysical arenas.

中文翻译：

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地方主义“重新构想”：建立一个强大的地方主义范式来克服新出现的保护挑战

联邦和州一级的治理差距越来越需要地方行动，并且仍然是基于社区的解决方案的关键驱动力。地方主义范式——包括基于社区的管理、公民科学和合作研究等模式——提供了一种有前景的方法，通过让公民参与、共同生产知识、培养信任和开发创新解决方案来解决复杂的保护挑战，弥合治理差距。然而，尽管取得了显着的成功，但重大障碍限制了地方主义方法的广泛实施。这在依赖自然资源的社区尤为明显。农村社区越来越多地面临着与气候和土地利用的快速变化相关的一系列保护挑战，但他们往往缺乏支持当地举措以更好地预测、规划和缓解这些变化的能力。我们研究了美国缅因州基于地方主义方法的四个不同保护案例，以突出影响不同社会生态背景下结果的关键因素。我们比较了三个经常讨论的维度的案例——治理系统、社会适应能力以及技术和数据特征，并发现地方主义的结果​​因每个维度内的关键指标而异。推进地方主义没有单一的方法，但我们提供多种方法将基于社区的观点纳入管理。