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Snowpack affects soil microclimate throughout the year
Climatic Change ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s10584-020-02943-8
Geoffrey Wilson , Mark Green , John Brown , John Campbell , Peter Groffman , Jorge Durán , Jennifer Morse

Variations in snow depth have complex effects on soil microclimate. Snow insulates soil and thus regulates, along with air temperature, the nature, and extent of soil freezing. There is great uncertainty about the main drivers of soil freezing, which have important effects on ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling processes and might change as climate warms and snowfall decreases as part of climate change. Here, we utilitze sites from a variety of elevations and aspects within the northern hardwood forest at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (New Hampshire, USA) to investigate relationships between seasonal snowpack, soil freezing, and soil microclimate across this gradient using 8 years of bi-weekly snowpack and soil frost-depth measurements, and continuous soil climate monitoring. We utilize a time-integrated snowpack descriptor and find that snowpacks with lower seasonal snow water equivalents result in more soil temperature variation and deeper soil frost but have no effect on variation in soil moisture. Seasonal snow water equivalent of the snowpack influences the date of rapid soil warming in the spring, which in turn influences both summer soil moisture and an index of annual cumulative soil heat. These results show that snowpack dynamics, which are highly sensitive to changes in climate, have wide-ranging effects on soil microclimate year-round and thus could have important implications for ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling processes.

中文翻译:

积雪影响全年土壤小气候

积雪深度的变化对土壤小气候具有复杂的影响。雪使土壤绝缘,从而与气温一起调节土壤冻结的性质和程度。土壤冻结的主要驱动因素存在很大的不确定性,它们对生态系统碳和氮循环过程具有重要影响,并且可能随着气候变暖和降雪减少而变化,作为气候变化的一部分。在这里,我们利用哈伯德布鲁克实验森林(美国新罕布什尔州)北部阔叶林内不同海拔和不同方面的地点,使用 8 年的双氧水研究跨该梯度的季节性积雪、土壤冻结和土壤微气候之间的关系。 -每周一次的积雪和土壤霜冻深度测量,以及连续的土壤气候监测。我们利用时间积分积雪描述符,发现季节性雪水当量较低的积雪会导致更多的土壤温度变化和更深的土壤霜冻,但对土壤水分的变化没有影响。积雪的季节性雪水当量影响春季土壤快速变暖的日期,进而影响夏季土壤水分和年度累积土壤热量指数。这些结果表明,积雪动态对气候变化高度敏感,对土壤小气候全年都有广泛的影响,因此可能对生态系统碳和氮循环过程具有重要意义。积雪的季节性雪水当量影响春季土壤快速变暖的日期,进而影响夏季土壤水分和年度累积土壤热量指数。这些结果表明,积雪动态对气候变化高度敏感,对土壤小气候全年都有广泛的影响,因此可能对生态系统碳和氮循环过程具有重要意义。积雪的季节性雪水当量影响春季土壤快速变暖的日期,进而影响夏季土壤水分和年度累积土壤热量指数。这些结果表明,对气候变化高度敏感的积雪动态对土壤小气候全年都有广泛的影响,因此可能对生态系统碳和氮循环过程具有重要意义。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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