Industrial pollution has a significant effect on aerosol properties in Changsha City, a typical city of central China. Therefore, year-round measurements of aerosol optical, radiative and chemical properties from 2012 to 2014 at an urban site in Changsha were analyzed. During the observation period, the energy structure was continuously optimized, which was characterized by the reduction of coal combustion. The aerosol properties have obvious seasonal variations. The seasonal average aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm ranged from 0.49 to 1.00, single scattering albedo (SSA) ranged from 0.93 to 0.97, and aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) ranged from −24.0 to 3.8 W m−2. The chemical components also showed seasonal variations. Meanwhile, the scattering aerosol, such as organic carbon, SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ showed a decrease, and elemental carbon increased. Compared with observation in winter 2012, AOD and TOA decreased by 0.14 and −1.49 W m−2 in winter 2014. The scattering components, SO42−, NO3− and NH4+, decreased by 12.8 µg m−3 (56.8%), 9.2 µg m−3 (48.8%) and 6.4 µg m−3 (45.2%), respectively. The atmospheric visibility and pollution diffusion conditions improved. The extinction and radiative forcing of aerosol were significantly controlled by the scattering aerosol. The results indicate that Changsha is an industrial city with strong scattering aerosol. The energy structure optimization had a marked effect on controlling pollution, especially in winter (strong scattering aerosol).

中文翻译：

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华中地区长沙市气溶胶的光学、辐射和化学特征

工业污染对中部典型城市长沙市的气溶胶性质有显着影响。因此，对2012年至2014年长沙某城市站点气溶胶光学、辐射和化学性质的全年测量进行了分析。观察期内，能源结构不断优化，煤炭燃烧量减少。气溶胶性质有明显的季节性变化。500 nm 处的季节性平均气溶胶光学深度 (AOD) 范围为 0.49 至 1.00，单次散射反照率 (SSA) 范围为 0.93 至 0.97，大气顶部的气溶胶辐射强迫 (TOA) 范围为 -24.0 至 3.8 W米-2。化学成分也表现出季节性变化。同时，散射气溶胶，如有机碳、SO42-、NO3-、NH4+ 减少，元素碳增加。与 2012 年冬季观测相比，2014 年冬季 AOD 和 TOA 下降了 0.14 和 -1.49 W m-2。散射成分 SO42-、NO3- 和 NH4+ 下降了 12.8 µg m-3 (56.8%)、9.2 µg分别为 m-3 (48.8%) 和 6.4 µg m-3 (45.2%)。大气能见度和污染扩散条件有所改善。气溶胶的消光和辐射强迫显着受散射气溶胶的控制。结果表明，长沙是一个具有强散射气溶胶的工业城市。能源结构优化对污染治理效果显着，尤其是在冬季（强散射气溶胶）。散射成分 SO42-、NO3- 和 NH4+ 分别减少了 12.8 µg m-3 (56.8%)、9.2 µg m-3 (48.8%) 和 6.4 µg m-3 (45.2%)。大气能见度和污染扩散条件有所改善。气溶胶的消光和辐射强迫显着受散射气溶胶的控制。结果表明，长沙是一个具有强散射气溶胶的工业城市。能源结构优化对污染治理效果显着，尤其是在冬季（强散射气溶胶）。散射成分 SO42-、NO3- 和 NH4+ 分别减少了 12.8 µg m-3 (56.8%)、9.2 µg m-3 (48.8%) 和 6.4 µg m-3 (45.2%)。大气能见度和污染扩散条件有所改善。气溶胶的消光和辐射强迫显着受散射气溶胶的控制。结果表明，长沙是一个具有强散射气溶胶的工业城市。能源结构优化对污染治理效果显着，尤其是在冬季（强散射气溶胶）。结果表明，长沙是一个具有强散射气溶胶的工业城市。能源结构优化对污染治理效果显着，尤其是在冬季（强散射气溶胶）。结果表明，长沙是气溶胶散射强的工业城市。能源结构优化对污染治理效果显着，尤其是在冬季（强散射气溶胶）。