Cancer immunotherapy has recently undergone rapid development into a validated therapy for clinical use. The adoptive transfer of engineered autologous T cells, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, has been remarkably successful in patients with leukemia and lymphoma with cluster of differentiation (CD)19 expression. Because of the higher number of antigen choices and reduced incidence of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) than CAR-T cells, T cell receptor (TCR)-T cells are also considered a promising immunotherapy. More therapeutic targets for other cancers need to be explored due to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted recognition of TCR-T. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC), class I-related (MR1)-restricted T cells can recognize metabolites presented by MR1 in the context of host cells infected with pathogens. MR1 is expressed by all types of human cells. Recent studies have shown that one clone of a MR1-restricted T (MR1-T) cell can recognize many types of cancer cells without HLA-restriction. These studies provide additional information on MR1-T cells for cancer immunotherapy. This review describes the complexity of MR1-T cell TCR in diseases and the future of cancer immunotherapy.

中文翻译：

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MR1限制性T细胞：癌症免疫疗法的新曙光。

癌症免疫疗法最近已迅速发展成为一种经过验证的临床用途疗法。工程化的自体T细胞（例如嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞）的过继转移在白血病和淋巴瘤患者中具有分化簇（CD）19表达，已经取得了巨大的成功。由于与CAR-T细胞相比，抗原选择的数量更多，并且细胞因子释放综合征（CRS）的发生率降低，因此T细胞受体（TCR）-T细胞也被认为是一种有前途的免疫疗法。由于人类白细胞抗原（HLA）限制了TCR-T的识别，因此需要探索其他癌症的更多治疗靶标。主要组织相容性复合物（MHC），I类相关（MR1）限制的T细胞可以识别在感染病原体的宿主细胞中MR1呈现的代谢产物。MR1由所有类型的人类细胞表达。最近的研究表明，一个MR1限制性T（MR1-T）细胞的克隆可以识别多种类型的癌细胞而没有HLA限制性。这些研究提供了用于癌症免疫治疗的MR1-T细胞的其他信息。这篇综述描述了MR1-T细胞TCR在疾病中的复杂性以及癌症免疫疗法的未来。