In recent years, there has been growing evidence that certain types of honeybee viruses could be transmitted between different pollinators. Within a voluntary monitoring programme, 180 honeybee samples (Apis mellifera carnica) were collected from affected apiaries between 2007 and 2018. Also from August 2017 to August 2018, a total 148 samples of healthy bumblebees (Bombus lapidarius, B. pascuorum, B. terrestris, B. lucorum, B. hortorum, B. sylvarum, B. humilis) were collected at four different locations in Slovenia, and all samples were tested by using RT-PCR methods for six honeybee viruses. Direct sequencing of a total 158 positive samples (acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV n = 33), black queen cell virus (BQCV n = 75), sacbrood bee virus (SBV n = 25) and Lake Sinai virus (LSV n = 25)) was performed from obtained RT-PCR products. The genetic comparison of identified positive samples of bumblebees and detected honeybee field strains of ABPV, BQCV, SBV, and LSV demonstrated 98.74% to 100% nucleotide identity between both species. This study not only provides evidence that honeybees and bumblebees are infected with genetically identical or closely related viral strains of four endemically present honeybee viruses but also detected a high diversity of circulating strains in bumblebees, similar as was observed among honeybees. Important new genetic data for endemic strains circulating in honeybees and bumblebees in Slovenia are presented.

中文翻译：

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大黄蜂阳性样品中四种蜜蜂病毒的遗传相同菌株的测定

近年来，越来越多的证据表明某些类型的蜜蜂病毒可以在不同的传粉媒介之间传播。在一项自愿监测计划中，从2007年至2018年，从受影响的养蜂场中收集了180个蜜蜂样品（蜜蜂）。同样，从2017年8月到2018年8月，共采集了148个健康大黄蜂样品（Bombus lapidarius，B。pascuorum，B。terrestris）。 ，B。lucorum，B。hortorum，B。sylvarum，B。humilis）收集在斯洛文尼亚的四个不同地点，并且所有样本均使用RT-PCR方法测试了六种蜜蜂病毒。直接测序总共158个阳性样品（急性蜂麻痹病毒（ABPV n = 33），黑皇后细胞病毒（BQCV n用获得的RT-PCR产物进行Sacbrood蜜蜂病毒（SBV n＝ 25）和西奈湖病毒（LSV n＝ 25）＝ 75）。鉴定的大黄蜂阳性样品和检测到的ABPV，BQCV，SBV和LSV蜜蜂田间菌株的遗传比较表明，这两个物种之间的核苷酸同一性为98.74％至100％。这项研究不仅提供证据，证明蜜蜂和大黄蜂感染了四种流行的蜜蜂病毒的基因相同或密切相关的病毒株，而且还发现了大黄蜂中循环菌株的多样性，这与在蜜蜂中观察到的相似。给出了斯洛文尼亚蜜蜂和大黄蜂中流行的地方性毒株的重要新遗传数据。