Advancement in rapid targeted chemical analysis of homemade and improvised explosive devices is critical for the identification of explosives‐based hazards and threats. Gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE), a robust electrokinetic separation technique, was employed for the separation and detection of common inorganic oxidizers from frequently encountered fuel‐oxidizer mixtures. The GEMBE system incorporated sample and run buffer reservoirs, a short capillary (5 cm), an applied electric field, and a pressure‐driven counterflow. GEMBE provided a separation format that allowed for continuous injection of sample, selectivity of analytes, and no sample cleanup or filtration prior to analysis. Nitrate, chlorate, and perchlorate oxidizers were successfully detected from low explosive propellants (e.g., black powders and black powder substitutes), pyrotechnics (e.g., flash powder), and tertiary explosive mixtures (e.g., ammonium nitrate‐ and potassium chlorate‐based fuel‐oxidizer mixtures). Separation of these mixtures exhibited detection without interference from a plethora of additional organic and inorganic fuels, enabled single particle analysis, and demonstrated semiquantitative capabilities. The bulk counterflow successfully excluded difficult components from fouling the capillary, yielding estimated limits of detection down to approximately 10 μmol/L. Finally, nitrate was separated and detected from postblast debris collected and directly analyzed from two nitrate‐based charges.

中文翻译：

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使用梯度洗脱移动边界电泳检测推进剂、烟火和自制炸药粉末中的无机氧化剂

对自制和简易爆炸装置进行快速靶向化学分析的进展对于识别基于爆炸物的危害和威胁至关重要。梯度洗脱移动边界电泳 (GEMBE) 是一种强大的电动分离技术，用于从经常遇到的燃料-氧化剂混合物中分离和检测常见的无机氧化剂。GEMBE 系统包含样品和运行缓冲液储液器、短毛细管 (5 cm)、外加电场和压力驱动的逆流。GEMBE 提供了一种分离形式，允许连续注入样品、分析物的选择性，并且在分析前无需样品净化或过滤。从低爆推进剂（例如，黑色火药和黑色火药替代品）、烟火（例如闪光火药）和三级爆炸混合物（例如硝酸铵和氯酸钾基燃料氧化剂混合物）。这些混合物的分离表现出不受过多有机和无机燃料干扰的检测，实现了单粒子分析，并展示了半定量能力。大容量逆流成功地排除了难以污染毛细管的组分，估计检测限低至约 10 μmol/L。最后，从收集到的爆炸后碎片中分离并检测到硝酸盐，并直接从两个基于硝酸盐的装料中进行分析。这些混合物的分离表现出不受过多有机和无机燃料干扰的检测，实现了单粒子分析，并展示了半定量能力。大容量逆流成功地排除了难以污染毛细管的组分，估计检测限低至约 10 μmol/L。最后，从收集到的爆炸后碎片中分离并检测到硝酸盐，并直接从两个基于硝酸盐的装料中进行分析。这些混合物的分离表现出不受过多有机和无机燃料干扰的检测，实现了单粒子分析，并展示了半定量能力。大容量逆流成功地排除了难以污染毛细管的组分，估计检测限低至约 10 μmol/L。最后，从收集到的爆炸后碎片中分离并检测到硝酸盐，并直接从两个基于硝酸盐的装料中进行分析。估计检测限低至约 10 μmol/L。最后，从收集到的爆炸后碎片中分离并检测到硝酸盐，并直接从两个基于硝酸盐的装料中进行分析。估计检测限低至约 10 μmol/L。最后，从收集到的爆炸后碎片中分离并检测到硝酸盐，并直接从两个基于硝酸盐的装料中进行分析。