The ceramic colours of eight late medieval to early Renaissance stove tiles were studied by scanning electron microscopy-backscattered electron (SEM-BSE) images and SEM with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Microstructural observations and chemical compositions of these colours give some insight into the colouring agents and techniques used by the potters. All decorations were applied as inglaze opaque colours on the unfired powdery tin-opacified glaze. The base glass was a Si-Pb glass, that is, for the blue, not a K-rich smalt. Two Co blue, with or without relics of Fe-Co-Ni and Ni-Co spinels (‘safre’), could be distinguished. Pb-Sn-Sb triple oxide was used for the yellow. The violet was obtained by adding some Mn to the tin-opacified glaze. The black was either a Mn-doped blue or a CuO-SnO₂ black. The colours were probably purchased and not locally prepared.

中文翻译：

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瑞士最古老的锡不透明炉砖（约 1450 年至 1512 年，伯尔尼州）的黑色、蓝色、紫色和黄色釉料颜色的 SEM 研究*

通过扫描电子显微镜背散射电子 (SEM-BSE) 图像和带有能量色散光谱的 SEM (SEM-EDS) 研究了中世纪晚期至文艺复兴早期的八种炉砖的陶瓷颜色。这些颜色的显微结构观察和化学成分让我们对陶工使用的着色剂和技术有了一些了解。所有的装饰都在未烧制的粉状锡不透明釉上涂上不透明的釉料颜色。基础玻璃是 Si-Pb 玻璃，也就是说，对于蓝色，不是富含 K 的 smalt。可以区分两种钴蓝，有或没有 Fe-Co-Ni 和 Ni-Co 尖晶石的残留物（“安全”）。Pb-Sn-Sb 三重氧化物用于黄色。紫罗兰色是通过在不透明的锡釉中添加一些锰而获得的。黑色是掺杂 Mn 的蓝色或 CuO-SnO ₂黑色的。颜色可能是购买的，而不是本地制备的。