Eutrophication of lake ecosystems is a pervasive global environmental problem, exacerbated by urbanization, industrialization, and intensification of agriculture. Excess loading of the macronutrients nitrogen and phosphorus from a myriad of human activities in catchment areas has forced many lake ecosystems into turbid, eutrophic states from which natural recovery is slow. A wide array of tools is available to lake managers to accelerate the process of lake restoration. These range from external measures to reduce nutrient loading, to internal measures designed to either retain nutrients in sediments or remove them from the lake ecosystem. In this preface to the Special Issue Restoration of eutrophic lakes: current practices and future challenges, we briefly review the currently available approaches to lake restoration and assess their global prevalence through a literature survey. The results show that traditional restoration methods such as aeration and chemical inactivation of phosphorus by aluminum continue to be widely used and reported in the scientific literature. The popularity of biomanipulation appears to be in decline, while studies into newly developed, in-lake nutrient inactivation methods are expanding. Hypolimnetic withdrawal, on the other hand, remains a comparatively rare technique. The 16 original research articles in the Special Issue showcase the current state-of-the-art in knowledge of these approaches and their efficacy. We conclude by discussing the key relevant future challenges in the field of lake restoration science. Of these, the need to unite diverse fields of knowledge to develop quantitative models of lake ecosystem responses to restoration measures under a changing climate is paramount. We also emphasize the ongoing need for interaction between scientists, managers, and stakeholders in lake restoration.

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前言：富营养化湖泊的恢复：当前的做法和未来的挑战

湖泊生态系统的富营养化是一个普遍存在的全球环境问题，城市化、工业化和农业集约化加剧了这一问题。集水区无数人类活动造成的大量营养素氮和磷的过量负荷迫使许多湖泊生态系统进入浑浊、富营养化的状态，自然恢复缓慢。湖泊管理者可以使用多种工具来加速湖泊恢复过程。这些措施包括减少养分负荷的外部措施，以及旨在保留沉积物中养分或将其从湖泊生态系统中清除的内部措施。在《富营养化湖泊的恢复特刊：当前做法和未来挑战》的序言中，我们简要回顾了目前可用的湖泊修复方法，并通过文献调查评估了它们的全球流行情况。结果表明，传统的恢复方法如曝气和铝化学灭活磷继续被广泛使用并在科学文献中有所报道。生物操纵的普及似乎正在下降，而对新开发的湖内养分灭活方法的研究正在扩大。另一方面，低记忆力戒断仍然是一种相对罕见的技术。特刊中的 16 篇原创研究文章展示了这些方法及其功效的最新知识。最后，我们讨论了湖泊修复科学领域的关键相关未来挑战。这些，最重要的是需要将不同领域的知识结合起来，以开发湖泊生态系统对气候变化下恢复措施的反应的定量模型。我们还强调科学家、管理者和利益相关者在湖泊修复中持续互动的需求。