The surfaces of Jupiter and Saturn have magnificent vortical storms that help shape the dynamic nature of their atmospheres. Land- and space-based observational campaigns have established several properties of these vortices, with some being similar between the two planets, while others are different. Shallow-water hydrodynamics, where the vortices are treated as shallow weather-layer phenomenon, is commonly evoked for explaining their formation and properties. Here, we report novel formation mechanisms for vortices where the primary driving mechanism is the deep planetary convection occurring in these planets. Using three-dimensional simulations of turbulent convection in rotating spherical shells, we propose two ideas: (i) Rotating turbulent convection generates deep axially aligned cyclones and anticyclones; (ii) a deep planetary dynamo acts to promote additional anticyclones, some as large as Jupiter’s Great Red Spot, in an overlying atmospheric layer. We use these ideas to interpret several observational properties of vortices on Jupiter and Saturn.

木星和土星的表面有巨大的涡旋风暴，有助于塑造其大气的动态性质。陆基和空基观测运动已经确定了这些涡旋的几种性质，其中两个行星之间有些相似，而另一些则不同。浅水流体动力学通常被认为是涡流的形成和性质，其中涡流被视为浅层天气现象。在这里，我们报告了新颖的涡旋形成机制，其中主要的驱动机制是这些行星中发生的深层行星对流。利用旋转球形壳体中湍流对流的三维模拟，我们提出了两个想法：（i）旋转湍流对流产生深的轴向对准的旋风分离器和反旋风分离器；（ii）一个深层的行星发电机在覆盖的大气层中促进其他反气旋的产生，其大小与木星的大红色斑点一样大。我们用这些想法来解释木星和土星上旋涡的几种观测特性。