Photonic waveguides are promising candidates for implementing parallel, ultra-fast and ultra-low latency interconnects. Such interconnects are an important technological asset for example for next generation optical routing, on and intra-chip optical communication, and for parallel photonic neural networks. We have recently demonstrated dense optical integration of multi-mode optical interconnects based on 3D additive manufacturing using two-photon-polymerization. The basis of such interconnects are 3D optical splitters, and here we characterize their performance against their splitting ratio, geometry, and conditions of the direct laser writing. Optical losses and splitting uniformity of 1 to 4, 1 to 9 and 1 to 16 splitters are evaluated at 632 nm. We find that, both, the uniformity of splitting ratios as well as the overall losses depend on the separation between the output waveguides as well as on the hatching distance (surface quality) of the 3D printing process.

中文翻译：

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用于光子互连的 3D 打印多模分离器

光子波导是实现并行、超快速和超低延迟互连的有希望的候选者。这种互连是重要的技术资产，例如用于下一代光路由、片上和片内光通信以及并行光子神经网络。我们最近展示了基于使用双光子聚合的 3D 增材制造的多模光学互连的密集光学集成。这种互连的基础是 3D 分光器，在这里我们根据分光比、几何形状和直接激光写入条件来表征它们的性能。在 632 nm 处评估了 1 到 4、1 到 9 和 1 到 16 个分光器的光损耗和分光均匀性。我们发现，两者，