A novel strategy of hybrid halide perovskite single crystal growth based on a new type of “fugitive” solvent system is proposed. To demonstrate the universality of the developed approach, we have grown a set of high-quality single crystals of 3D hybrid perovskites APbX₃ (A = MA⁺, FA⁺; X = Br^–, I^–) with pure and mixed compositions, layered 2D perovskites (BA)₂(A)_n – 1Pb_nI_3n + 1 (n = 1–4), and iodobismuthates A₃Bi₂I₉. The crystallization was governed by gradual chemical conversion of the initial mixed solvent to a nonsolvent and thus gave yields up to 90%. The growth proceeded within a few hours at moderate temperatures and required no heating/cooling or low-pressure evaporation steps, antisolvents, or any toxic solvents, which makes the whole process uniquely facile and eco-friendly. The high quality of the grown single crystals was confirmed by absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy, revealing unexpectedly high charge carrier lifetime for 2D perovskites.

中文翻译：

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通过原位溶剂转化实现3D和2D杂化钙钛矿单晶生长的通用策略

提出了基于新型“逃逸”溶剂体系的杂化卤化物钙钛矿单晶生长的新策略。为了证明所开发方法的通用性，我们生长了一组高质量的3D杂化钙钛矿APbX ₃单晶（A = MA ⁺，FA ⁺； X = Br ^–，I ^–），具有纯净的混合成分2D钙钛矿（BA）₂（A）_{n  – 1} Pb _n I _{3 n  + 1}（n = 1-4），碘化铋酸盐A ₃ Bi ₂ I ₉。通过将初始混合溶剂逐渐化学转化为非溶剂来控制结晶，因此产率高达90％。生长在中等温度下几个小时内即可进行，不需要加热/冷却或低压蒸发步骤，抗溶剂或任何有毒溶剂，这使整个过程具有独特的便捷性和环保性。通过吸收和光致发光光谱证实了生长的单晶的高质量，揭示了二维钙钛矿的出乎意料的高电荷载流子寿命。