Abstract. Earthquake precursor and earthquake monitoring are always important in the earthquake research field, even if there is still debatable about the existence of earthquake precursor. Laboratory rupture experiment is a useful technique to simulate and make an insight into the complex mechanisms of earthquakes. Five marble samples with prefabricated cracks are used for uniaxial loading experiments to investigate whether there is a precursory signal before rock fracture, and to simulate the rupture process of strike-slip fault and its surrounding area. The existence of precursory signal is confirmed by the coefficient of variation (CV) results, from which we can see two patterns which are known as seismicity acceleration and quiescence before an earthquake. Moreover, these CV findings are applied to determine the locations of large deformation sampling points on the rock surface at different loading stages, which indicates that such kinds of points migrate towards the prefabricated cracks as the rock approaches rupture. Similar results are obtained when we consider actual seismicity at the northern end of the San Andreas Fault in California. It provides a crucial evidence to prove the existence and role of precursor characteristics. In this case, three kinds of seismic monitoring models are designed to find out how to arrange the locations of seismic stations in the case of limited number of stations, so as to monitor these precursor characteristics more effectively.

中文翻译：

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预制裂缝前裂缝的岩石非均质特征及其对地震监测的意义

摘要。即使对于地震前兆的存在仍有争议，地震前兆和地震监测在地震研究领域也始终很重要。实验室破裂实验是一种有用的技术，可以模拟并深入了解地震的复杂机制。对五个具有预制裂缝的大理石样品进行单轴加载实验，以研究岩石破裂前是否存在先兆信号，并模拟走滑断裂及其周围区域的破裂过程。通过变异系数（CV）结果确认了前兆信号的存在，从中我们可以看到两种模式，即地震加速度和地震前静止。此外，这些CV结果可用于确定在不同载荷阶段岩石表面上大变形采样点的位置，这表明随着岩石接近破裂，此类点会朝预制裂缝移动。当我们考虑加利福尼亚州圣安德烈亚斯断层北端的实际地震活动时，可获得类似的结果。它提供了至关重要的证据来证明前体特征的存在和作用。在这种情况下，设计了三种地震监测模型，以找出在站数有限的情况下如何布置地震台的位置，从而更有效地监测这些前兆特征。这表明随着岩石接近破裂，这些类型的点向预制裂缝迁移。当我们考虑加利福尼亚州圣安德烈亚斯断层北端的实际地震活动时，可获得类似的结果。它提供了至关重要的证据来证明前体特征的存在和作用。在这种情况下，设计了三种地震监测模型，以找出在站数有限的情况下如何布置地震台的位置，从而更有效地监测这些前兆特征。这表明随着岩石接近破裂，这些类型的点向预制裂缝迁移。当我们考虑加利福尼亚州圣安德烈亚斯断层北端的实际地震活动时，可获得类似的结果。它提供了至关重要的证据来证明前体特征的存在和作用。在这种情况下，设计了三种地震监测模型，以找出在站数有限的情况下如何布置地震台的位置，从而更有效地监测这些前兆特征。