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Human urine-based fertilizers: A review
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology ( IF 12.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-13 , DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2020.1838214
Tristan M. P. Martin 1, 2 , Fabien Esculier 2, 3 , Florent Levavasseur 1 , Sabine Houot 1
Affiliation  

Abstract

Urine contains most of the nutrients excreted by humans. They are mainly released into the environment and contribute to the strong disruption of planetary biogeochemical cycles. These nutrients could be separated at source and used in agriculture. Once the urine is separated different treatments can be applied to stabilize nitrogen, reduce the volume, treat contaminants, or extract nutrients. These treatments and the resulting fertilizers have different characteristics and environmental impacts that must be assessed. We reviewed the characteristics of six treatments and the resulting fertilizers. The studied treatments were restricted to those that retain the most nutrients: storage, acidification, alkalinization, nitrification, and mixture with organic substrate. Phosphorus precipitation was also included, as it is one of the most developed treatments. Volume reduction posttreatments were also considered. We compared these treatments and the resulting fertilizers in terms of nutrient forms and concentrations, fertilizer efficiency, contaminant removal, energy, and chemical consumption. Although some parameters, such as fertilizer efficiency or pharmaceutical removal were in the same range, the nutrient concentrations and the energy and chemical consumption requested by fertilizer production varied widely. Holistic studies and pilot facilities implemented at a larger scale are needed in order to assess the whole value chain.



中文翻译:

人尿肥料:综述

摘要

尿液中含有人体排泄的大部分营养物质。它们主要被释放到环境中并导致行星生物地球化学循环的强烈破坏。这些营养物质可以在源头分离并用于农业。一旦尿液被分离出来,就可以应用不同的处理来稳定氮、减少体积、处理污染物或提取营养。这些处理方法和由此产生的肥料具有不同的特征和必须评估的环境影响。我们回顾了六种处理的特征和由此产生的肥料。所研究的处理仅限于那些保留最多营养的处理:储存、酸化、碱化、硝化和与有机底物混合。磷沉淀也包括在内,因为它是最发达的治疗方法之一。还考虑了减容后处理。我们在养分形式和浓度、肥料效率、污染物去除、能源和化学品消耗方面比较了这些处理方法和由此产生的肥料。尽管肥料效率或药物去除等一些参数在同一范围内,但肥料生产所需的养分浓度以及能源和化学消耗量差异很大。为了评估整个价值链,需要进行更大规模的整体研究和试点设施。和化学品消耗。尽管肥料效率或药物去除等一些参数在同一范围内,但肥料生产所需的养分浓度以及能源和化学消耗量差异很大。为了评估整个价值链,需要进行更大规模的整体研究和试点设施。和化学品消耗。尽管肥料效率或药物去除等一些参数在同一范围内,但肥料生产所需的养分浓度以及能源和化学消耗量差异很大。为了评估整个价值链,需要进行更大规模的整体研究和试点设施。

更新日期:2020-11-13
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