Abstract The influence of senses and their combinations has already proven invaluable to language comprehension studies; however, it is not clear to what extent they may add to the functional characteristics of the biphasic, language-related electrophysiological markers. Therefore, to integrate information from different sensory modalities and investigate how sense combinations modulate the N400 and LPC during L2 sentence processing, we used the emotioncy model. Based on the model, we instructed a number of unknown English words to 30 participants using a combination of three (exvolvement) and five senses (involvement). Using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and a visual acceptability judgment task (with 216 English sentences under non-violated and semantically violated conditions), the participants' behavioral and neural responses to the words were examined. The results revealed that, taking the retrieval-integration (RI) account, different sense combinations modulated the LPC responses to semantically violated sentences, yet left the N400 unchanged. Thus, to boost comprehension and reduce the cognitive load during the integration and reinterpretation process, multisensory properties of the input need to be enriched.

中文翻译：

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语义组合影响语义违规句子中二语理解的神经机制：来自情绪的洞察

摘要 感官及其组合的影响已被证明对语言理解研究具有不可估量的价值；然而，尚不清楚它们在多大程度上可以增加双相、语言相关电生理标记的功能特征。因此，为了整合来自不同感觉模态的信息并研究感觉组合如何在 L2 句子处理过程中调节 N400 和 LPC，我们使用了情绪模型。基于该模型，我们使用三种（exvolvement）和五种感官（involvement）的组合向 30 名参与者指示了一些未知的英语单词。使用事件相关脑电位 (ERP) 和视觉可接受性判断任务（在未违反和语义违反的条件下使用 216 个英语句子），参与者的 检查了对这些词的行为和神经反应。结果表明，考虑到检索整合（RI），不同的语义组合调节了 LPC 对语义违规句子的反应，但 N400 保持不变。因此，为了在整合和重新解释过程中提高理解力并减少认知负荷，需要丰富输入的多感官特性。