The present study used metagenomic sequencing, metagenome assembly and physical-chemical analysis to describe taxonomically and functionally 3 anaerobic bioreactors treating manure (LI), brewery (BR) and cornmeal (CO) wastes, and an anaerobic estuarine sediment (ES). Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Euryarchaeota and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant Phyla in all metagenomes. A bacteria/archaea ratio of 3.4 was found in the industrial full-scale anaerobic bioreactors BR and CO, while ratios greater than 10 were found for LI and ES. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that environmental variables such as chemical oxygen demand, lipid content, and ammonium nitrogen influenced the ordination of taxonomic groups. Mesotoga prima was linked to high-temperature conditions, particularly in the BR bioreactor, along with the presence of heat shock proteins genes. Likewise, the hydrogenotrophic methanogen, Methanoregula formicica, was associated with high ammonium concentration in LI bioreactor. The interactions of microbes with specific methanogenic pathways were identified using Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) functions, while metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) further confirmed relationships between taxa and functions. Our results provide valuable information to understand microbial processes in anaerobic environments.

本研究使用宏基因组测序、宏基因组组装和物理化学分析从分类学和功能上描述了 3 个处理粪便 (LI)、啤酒厂 (BR) 和玉米面 (CO) 废物以及厌氧河口沉积物 (ES) 的厌氧生物反应器。Proteobacteria、Firmicutes、Euryarchaeota 和 Bacteroidetes 是所有宏基因组中最丰富的门。在工业全规模厌氧生物反应器 BR 和 CO 中发现细菌/古细菌比率为 3.4，而在 LI 和 ES 中发现比率大于 10。规范对应分析表明，化学需氧量、脂质含量和铵态氮等环境变量影响分类群的排序。初级美索托加与高温条件有关，特别是在 BR 生物反应器中，以及热休克蛋白基因的存在。同样，氢营养产甲烷菌Methanoregula formicica与 LI 生物反应器中的高铵浓度有关。微生物与特定产甲烷途径的相互作用是使用直系同源群 (COG) 功能鉴定的，而宏基因组组装基因组 (MAG) 进一步证实了分类群和功能之间的关系。我们的结果为了解厌氧环境中的微生物过程提供了有价值的信息。