Anthropogenic landscape changes resulting in habitat degradation, loss and fragmentation might decrease connectivity and effective sizes of wild populations, threatening local biodiversity. Assumed large distributions of both species and habitats have probably discouraged studies correlating altered landscapes’ structure and composition to patterns of genetic diversity in the Neotropics. Yet, considering the increasingly high rates of deforestation and habitat conversion in Amazonia, investigating local and regional-scale effects of habitat conversion on Amazonian mammals is of paramount importance. Here, we use widespread, non-threatened, phyllostomid bats to understand how current forest dynamics are influencing genetic diversity patterns and functional connectivity of eastern Amazonian volant mammals. Four frugivorous species, Carollia perspicillata, Rhinophylla pumilio, Dermanura gnoma and Artibeus obscurus, were sampled across a heterogeneously fragmented region. Twelve more or less isolated rainforest remnants surrounded by urban areas, pastures, crops, secondary forests and other land uses comprise the studied landscapes, and are compared using a landscape genetics approach applied to mitochondrial DNA loci. Here, we report species-specific consequences of habitat fragmentation. Although the overall levels of genetic diversity were high, our data show that (i) population structure is heterogeneous across the altered landscapes; (ii) landscapes with higher habitat availability harbour populations with higher genetic diversity; and (iii) the populations assessed might be demographically declining.

人为的景观变化导致栖息地退化，丧失和破碎化，可能会降低野生种群的连通性和有效规模，从而威胁当地生物多样性。假设物种和栖息地的大范围分布可能阻碍了将新近热带地区景观结构和组成与遗传多样性格局相关的研究。然而，考虑到亚马逊地区森林砍伐和生境转换的比率越来越高，调查生境转换对亚马逊哺乳动物的地方和区域规模影响至关重要。在这里，我们使用广泛的，没有威胁的叶绿体蝙蝠来了解当前的森林动态如何影响东亚亚马逊vol腾哺乳动物的遗传多样性模式和功能连通性。四种食杂种卡罗莉亚（Carollia perspicillata），藜芦（Rhinophylla pumilio），地肤（Dermanura gnoma）和暗蒿（Artibeus obscurus）。跨异质性片段区域采样。被市区，牧场，农作物，次生林和其他土地利用所围绕的十二个或多或少的孤立雨林残余物构成了研究的景观，并使用应用于线粒体DNA基因座的景观遗传学方法进行了比较。在这里，我们报告了栖息地破碎化的特定物种后果。尽管遗传多样性的总体水平很高，但我们的数据表明：（i）人口结构在变化的景观中是异质的；（ii）具有较高栖息地可利用性的景观具有较高遗传多样性的港口人口；（iii）评估的人口在人口上可能正在下降。