The objective of this study was to identify the main extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria and to detect the frequency of the major genes responsible to trigger this resistance in hospitalized animals. We collected 106 rectal swabs from cats (n = 25) and dogs (n = 81) to detect ESBL-producing isolates. ESBL-positive samples were submitted to the antimicrobial susceptibility test, and polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes from different groups. We observed that 44.34% of these samples (11 cats and 36 dogs) were positive for ESBL-producing bacteria. Thirteen animals (27.66%—seven cats and six dogs) were hospitalized for elective castration (healthy animals). Only a single animal was positive for ESBL-producing bacteria at hospital admission (the animal also showed an ESBL-positive isolate after leaving the hospital), whereas 11 were positive only at the hospital discharge. Of the 73 ESBL-producing isolates, 13 were isolated from cats (8 sick and 7 healthy) and 60 from dogs (53 sick and 7 healthy). Escherichia coli was the major ESBL-producing bacterium isolated (53.42%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.07%), Salmonella sp., and Proteus mirabilis (5.48% each one). Antimicrobial resistance profile of ESBL-producing isolates showed that 67 isolates (91.78%) were resistant to 3 or more antibiotic classes, while 13 of them (17.81%—2 healthy cats and 11 sick dogs) were resistant to all tested antimicrobial classes. The bla_TEM gene exhibited the highest frequency in ESBL-producing isolates, followed by the bla_CTX-M group 8/25, bla_CTX-M group 1 and bla_CTX-M group 9 genes. These results are useful to assess the predominance of ESBL-producing isolates recovered from dogs and in cats in Brazil. Consequently, we draw attention to these animals, as they can act as reservoirs for these microorganisms, which are the major pathogens of nosocomial infections worldwide.

中文翻译：

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巴西一家兽医医院收治的健康和患病犬猫的多重耐药超广谱β-内酰胺酶产细菌的鉴定和表征

本研究的目的是确定主要的超广谱 β-内酰胺酶 (ESBL) 产生细菌，并检测导致住院动物产生这种耐药性的主要基因的频率。我们从猫 ( n  = 25) 和狗 ( n = 81) 检测产 ESBL 的分离株。ESBL阳性样本进行药敏试验，聚合酶链反应检测不同组的TEM、SHV和CTX-M基因。我们观察到这些样本（11 只猫和 36 只狗）中有 44.34% 的产 ESBL 细菌呈阳性。13 只动物（27.66%——7 只猫和 6 只狗）住院接受选择性阉割（健康动物）。只有一只动物在入院时对产 ESBL 细菌呈阳性（该动物在出院后也显示出 ESBL 阳性分离物），而 11 只在出院时呈阳性。在 73 株产 ESBL 菌株中，13 株分离自猫（8 例患病，7 例健康），60 株来自狗（53 例患病，7 例健康）。大肠杆菌是分离出的主要产 ESBL 细菌（53.42%），其次是铜绿假单胞菌（15.07%）、沙门氏菌属和奇异变形杆菌（各 5.48%）。产 ESBL 分离株的抗菌素耐药性分析表明，67 个分离株 (91.78%) 对 3 种或更多抗生素类别具有耐药性，而其中 13 个（17.81% -2 只健康猫和 11 只病犬）对所有测试的抗菌药物类别具有耐药性。所述BLA _TEM基因表现出产生ESBL的分离物中的最高频率，其次是BLA _CTX-M组8/25，BLA _CTX-M组1和BLA _CTX-M第 9 组基因。这些结果有助于评估从巴西的狗和猫中回收的产 ESBL 分离株的优势。因此，我们提请注意这些动物，因为它们可以作为这些微生物的宿主，这些微生物是全世界医院感染的主要病原体。