Brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) are high-energy trauma that can result in serious functional problems in the affected upper extremities, and brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) could be considered the most severe type of them. The booming occurrence rate of BPA brings up devastating impact on patients’ life. Complications of muscle atrophy, neuropathic pain, and denervation-associated psychological disorders are major challenges in the treatment of BPA. Animal models of BPA are good vehicles for this kind of research. Full understanding of the current in vivo BPA models, which could be classified into anterior approach avulsion, posterior approach avulsion, and closed approach avulsion groups, could help researchers select the appropriate type of models for their studies. Each group of the BPA model has its distinct merits and demerits. An ideal BPA model that can inherit the advantages and make up for the disadvantages is still required for further exploration.

中文翻译：

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不同体内臂丛撕脱动物模型的比较及其在疼痛研究中的应用

臂丛神经损伤 (BPI) 是一种高能量创伤，可导致受影响的上肢出现严重的功能问题，而臂丛神经撕脱伤 (BPA) 可被认为是其中最严重的类型。BPA 的高发率给患者的生活带来了毁灭性的影响。肌肉萎缩的并发症、神经性疼痛和去神经支配相关的心理障碍是 BPA 治疗的主要挑战。BPA 的动物模型是进行此类研究的好工具。充分了解当前的体内 BPA 模型，可分为前路撕脱、后入路撕脱和闭合入路撕脱组，可以帮助研究人员选择合适的模型类型进行研究。BPA 模型的每一组都有其独特的优点和缺点。