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High Coral Bycatch in Bottom-Set Gillnet Coastal Fisheries Reveals Rich Coral Habitats in Southern Portugal
Frontiers in Marine Science ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-13 , DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.603438
Vítor Dias , Frederico Oliveira , Joana Boavida , Ester A. Serrão , Jorge M. S. Gonçalves , Márcio A. G. Coelho

Bottom-contact fisheries are unquestionably one of the main threats to the ecological integrity and functioning of deep-sea and circalittoral ecosystems, notably cold-water corals (CWC) and coral gardens. Lessons from the destructive impact of bottom trawling highlight the urgent need to understand how fisheries affect these vulnerable marine ecosystems. At the same time, the impact of other fishing gear and small-scale fisheries remains sparsely known despite anecdotal evidence suggesting their impact may be significant. This study aims to provide baseline information on coral bycatch by bottom-set gillnets used by artisanal fisheries in Sagres (Algarve, southwestern Portugal), thereby contributing to understand the impact of the activity but also the diversity and abundance of corals in this region. Coral bycatch frequency and species composition were quantified over two fishing seasons (summer-autumn and spring) for 42 days. The relationship with fishing effort was characterized according to métiers (n = 6). The results showed that 85% of the gillnet deployments caught corals. The maximum number of coral specimens per net was observed in a deployment targeting Lophius budegassa (n = 144). In total, 4,326 coral fragments and colonies of 22 different species were captured (fishing depth range of 57–510 m, mean 139 ± 8 m). The most affected species were Eunicella verrucosa (32%), Paramuricea grayi (29%), Dendrophyllia cornigera (12%), and Dendrophyllia ramea (6%). The variables found to significantly influence the amount of corals caught were the target species, net length, depth, and mesh size. The 22 species of corals caught as bycatch belong to Orders Alcyonacea (80%), Scleractinia (18%), Zoantharia (1%), and Antipatharia (1%), corresponding to around 13% of the coral species known for the Portuguese mainland coast. These results show that the impact of artisanal fisheries on circalittoral coral gardens and CWC is potentially greater than previously appreciated, which underscores the need for new conservation measures and alternative fishing practices. Measures such as closure of fishing areas, frequent monitoring onboard of fishing vessels, or the development of encounter protocols in national waters are a good course of action. This study highlights the rich coral gardens of Sagres and how artisanal fisheries can pose significant threat to corals habitats in certain areas.

中文翻译:

底部刺网沿海渔业中的大量珊瑚兼捕揭示了葡萄牙南部丰富的珊瑚栖息地

海底接触渔业无疑是对深海和环流生态系统,尤其是冷水珊瑚 (CWC) 和珊瑚花园的生态完整性和功能的主要威胁之一。从底拖网捕捞的破坏性影响中汲取的教训凸显了了解渔业如何影响这些脆弱的海洋生态系统的紧迫性。与此同时,尽管坊间证据表明其他渔具和小规模渔业的影响可能很大,但对它们的影响仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在提供萨格里什(葡萄牙西南部阿尔加维)手工渔业使用的底部刺网对珊瑚兼捕的基线信息,从而有助于了解活动的影响以及该地区珊瑚的多样性和丰度。珊瑚兼捕频率和物种组成在两个捕鱼季节(夏秋和春季)进行了 42 天的量化。与捕捞努力量的关系根据 métiers (n = 6) 进行表征。结果表明,85% 的刺网部署捕获了珊瑚。在针对 Lophius budegassa(n = 144)的部署中观察到每个网的最大珊瑚标本数量。总共捕获了 22 个不同物种的 4,326 个珊瑚碎片和群落(捕鱼深度范围为 57-510 m,平均 139 ± 8 m)。受影响最严重的物种是 Eunicella verrucosa (32%)、Paramuricea grayi (29%)、Dendrophyllia Cornigera (12%) 和 Dendrophyllia ramea (6%)。发现对捕获的珊瑚数量有显着影响的变量是目标物种、净长度、深度和网格大小。作为副渔获物捕获的 22 种珊瑚属于 Orders Alcyonacea (80%)、Scleractinia (18%)、Zoantharia (1%) 和 Antipatharia (1%),约占葡萄牙大陆已知珊瑚物种的 13%海岸。这些结果表明,手工渔业对环流珊瑚园和 CWC 的影响可能比以前认为的要大,这强调需要采取新的保护措施和替代捕鱼方法。诸如关闭渔区、频繁监测渔船或在国家水域制定遭遇协议等措施都是很好的行动方案。这项研究重点介绍了萨格里什丰富的珊瑚花园,以及手工渔业如何对某些地区的珊瑚栖息地构成重大威胁。Zoantharia (1%) 和 Antipatharia (1%),相当于葡萄牙大陆海岸已知珊瑚物种的 13% 左右。这些结果表明,手工渔业对环流珊瑚园和 CWC 的影响可能比以前认为的要大,这强调需要采取新的保护措施和替代捕鱼方法。诸如关闭渔区、频繁监测渔船或在国家水域制定遭遇协议等措施都是很好的行动方案。这项研究重点介绍了萨格里什丰富的珊瑚花园,以及手工渔业如何对某些地区的珊瑚栖息地构成重大威胁。Zoantharia (1%) 和 Antipatharia (1%),相当于葡萄牙大陆海岸已知珊瑚物种的 13% 左右。这些结果表明,手工渔业对环流珊瑚园和 CWC 的影响可能比以前认为的要大,这强调需要采取新的保护措施和替代捕鱼方法。诸如关闭渔区、频繁监测渔船或在国家水域制定遭遇协议等措施是一个很好的行动方针。这项研究重点介绍了萨格里什丰富的珊瑚花园,以及手工渔业如何对某些地区的珊瑚栖息地构成重大威胁。这些结果表明,手工渔业对环流珊瑚园和 CWC 的影响可能比以前认为的要大,这强调需要采取新的保护措施和替代捕鱼方法。诸如关闭渔区、频繁监测渔船或在国家水域制定遭遇协议等措施都是很好的行动方案。这项研究重点介绍了萨格里什丰富的珊瑚花园,以及手工渔业如何对某些地区的珊瑚栖息地构成重大威胁。这些结果表明,手工渔业对环流珊瑚园和 CWC 的影响可能比以前认为的要大,这强调需要采取新的保护措施和替代捕鱼方法。诸如关闭渔区、频繁监测渔船或在国家水域制定遭遇协议等措施都是很好的行动方案。这项研究重点介绍了萨格里什丰富的珊瑚花园,以及手工渔业如何对某些地区的珊瑚栖息地构成重大威胁。或者在国家水域制定遭遇协议是一个很好的行动方针。这项研究重点介绍了萨格里什丰富的珊瑚花园,以及手工渔业如何对某些地区的珊瑚栖息地构成重大威胁。或者在国家水域制定遭遇协议是一个很好的行动方针。这项研究重点介绍了萨格里什丰富的珊瑚花园,以及手工渔业如何对某些地区的珊瑚栖息地构成重大威胁。
更新日期:2020-11-13
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