Soil erosion is a natural process, and the erosion potential of a site is the result of complex interactions among soil, vegetation, topographic position, land use and management, and climate. Soil erosion occurs when aeolian and hydrologic processes exceed a soil’s inherent resistance to these forces (figures 1 and 2). Soil erosion was recognized as a significant problem at both local and national scales in the United States in the 1920s; by 1935 soil erosion was considered a national disaster, covering over one-half of the country (Sampson and Weyl 1918; Weaver 1935), and is still a concern with 21% of the western United States degraded and vulnerable to accelerated soil erosion (Herrick et al. 2010; Weltz et al. 2014a; Duniway et al. 2019). In 1995, it was estimated that 4 × 109 t (4.4 × 109 tn) of soil was lost from US cropland (Pimentel et al. 1995). The most vulnerable areas for soil movement and thus erosion occur where annual precipitation is 100 to 400 mm y–1 (4 to 16 in yr–1), which limits soil moisture available to sustain plant growth. Anthropogenic-driven dust emissions have dramatically increased across …

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未来美国农业部农业研究服务侵蚀研究和模型开发的战略计划

土壤侵蚀是一个自然过程，一个场地的侵蚀潜力是土壤、植被、地形位置、土地利用和管理以及气候之间复杂相互作用的结果。当风沙和水文过程超过土壤对这些力的固有抵抗力时，就会发生土壤侵蚀（图 1 和图 2）。1920 年代，土壤侵蚀被认为是美国地方和全国范围内的一个重大问题；到 1935 年，土壤侵蚀被认为是全国性的灾难，覆盖了美国的一半以上（Sampson 和 Weyl 1918；Weaver 1935），并且仍然是一个令人担忧的问题，美国西部 21% 的地区已经退化并容易受到加速土壤侵蚀的影响（Herrick等人 2010；Weltz 等人 2014a；Duniway 等人 2019）。1995 年，估计美国农田损失了 4 × 109 t (4.4 × 109 tn) 的土壤（Pimentel 等人，2006 年）。1995）。土壤运动和侵蚀最脆弱的区域发生在年降水量为 100 至 400 mm y-1（yr-1 为 4 至 16 毫米）的地方，这限制了可用于维持植物生长的土壤水分。人为驱动的粉尘排放在……范围内急剧增加