This paper provides an overview of studies conducted under the USDA Mid-Atlantic Regional Wetland Conservation Effects Assessment Project (MIAR study). Under the MIAR effort, numerous studies were conducted to (1) quantify ecosystem functions provided by restored wetlands by comparing functions within depressional nontidal wetlands with a varying degree of alteration (i.e., natural wetlands, restored wetlands, and prior converted croplands [PCCs]) and (2) develop tools for wetland monitoring and assessment. We present these studies after classifying them according to wetland functional (biodiversity, biogeochemical, and hydrologic) and tool development categories (remote sensing, hydrologic modeling, and geospatial analysis). Furthermore, we provide lessons from the MIAR study’s findings for enhanced wetland conservation practices. Our overview demonstrates that restoration of wetlands contributes to enhancing wetland biodiversity, biogeochemical, and hydrologic functions in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Wetland monitoring tools that were developed as part of this study aid our understanding of wetland functions and the effect of restoration on those functions. Findings from these studies suggest that it is important to (1) establish long-term restoration plans; (2) minimize soil compaction during restoration; (3) increase wetland water storage capacity; (4) locate restored wetlands around natural wetlands to magnify restoration effects and improve water quality management; (5) consider the importance of shallow water and topography for supporting native plant species; (6) use landscape parameters for targeting and implementing restoration efforts; and (7) use wetland monitoring tools for precision management. This MIAR study provides scientific data to support wetland restoration activities and guidelines to foster the restoration of wetland-mediated ecosystem services.

中文翻译：

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美国农业部中大西洋区域湿地保护效果评估项目概述

本文概述了在美国农业部中大西洋区域湿地保护效果评估项目（MIAR 研究）下进行的研究。在 MIAR 的努力下，进行了大量研究，以 (1) 通过比较具有不同程度改变的洼地非潮汐湿地（即自然湿地、恢复湿地和先前转化的农田 [PCC]）内的功能来量化恢复湿地提供的生态系统功能(2) 开发湿地监测和评估工具。我们在根据湿地功能（生物多样性、生物地球化学和水文）和工具开发类别（遥感、水文建模和地理空间分析）对它们进行分类后介绍这些研究。此外，我们从 MIAR 研究的结果中提供经验教训，以加强湿地保护实践。我们的概述表明，湿地的恢复有助于增强中大西洋地区的湿地生物多样性、生物地球化学和水文功能。作为本研究的一部分开发的湿地监测工具有助于我们了解湿地功能以及恢复对这些功能的影响。这些研究的结果表明，重要的是 (1) 制定长期恢复计划；(2) 在恢复过程中尽量减少土壤板结；(3) 增加湿地蓄水能力；(4) 在天然湿地周围设置修复湿地，放大修复效果，改善水质管理；(5) 考虑浅水和地形对支持本地植物物种的重要性；(6) 使用景观参数来定位和实施恢复工作；(7) 使用湿地监测工具进行精准管理。这项 MIAR 研究提供科学数据以支持湿地恢复活动和指导方针，以促进湿地介导的生态系统服务的恢复。