Rangelands in the arid and semi-arid regions of Iran are under pressure from frequent degradations and extreme climate conditions, which have affected water conservation and delivery of ecosystem services. The timely and efficient assessment of rangeland state/condition impact on water conservation is crucial in rangeland management. This work represents an integrated modelling approach by linking the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) models. SWAT simulated hydrologic components, while InVEST provided a decision support system for water conservation. The coupled SWAT–InVEST model was used to analyze the impact of different rangeland conditions on water conservation in the Atrak River basin in Iran's arid and semi-arid climatic zones. Increasing runoff is proportional to rangeland degradation. Our analyses show a severe degradation of rangelands in Iran. We found that the basin's average runoff varies between 2 and 294.8 m³ ha^-1 yr^-1. Based on our modelling results, about 50% of the basin's runoff came from poor rangelands, 22% from moderate rangelands, and 28% from good rangelands. Thus, a significant impact on water conservation could be achieved through rangeland management in this basin. The SWAT–InVEST integrated modelling approach developed here proved useful for better decision-making under uncertainty.

中文翻译：

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使用综合建模方法检查牧场条件对节水的影响

伊朗干旱和半干旱地区的牧场受到频繁退化和极端气候条件的压力，这影响了水资源保护和生态系统服务的提供。及时有效地评估牧场状态/状况对水资源保护的影响对于牧场管理至关重要。这项工作通过将土壤和水评估工具 (SWAT) 与生态系统服务和权衡综合评估 (InVEST) 模型联系起来，代表了一种综合建模方法。SWAT 模拟了水文组件，而 InVEST 提供了节水决策支持系统。SWAT-InVEST耦合模型用于分析不同牧场条件对伊朗干旱和半干旱气候区阿特拉克河流域水资源保护的影响。增加径流与牧场退化成正比。我们的分析表明伊朗的牧场严重退化。我们发现流域的平均径流在 2 到 294.8 m 之间变化³公顷^-1年^-1 . 根据我们的建模结果，流域约 50% 的径流来自贫瘠的牧场，22% 来自中等牧场，28% 来自良好牧场。因此，通过该流域的牧场管理可以对节水产生重大影响。此处开发的 SWAT-InVEST 集成建模方法被证明有助于在不确定性下做出更好的决策。