Iceland contributes 30–40 million tons of mineral dust to the atmosphere each year. Emission events are linked to exceedingly high concentrations of PM₁₀, poor air quality, and respiratory disease, particularly in Reykjavík. Volcaniclastic aerosols have unique microphysical properties, and usually are porous and highly angular, with large surface areas bearing ultrafine, nanoscale dustcoats. The large internal void space contributes to low particle density, believed to affect emission and deposition rates in the atmospheric boundary layer, as well as the range of transport. However, the aerodynamic and sedimentological factors that govern dust entrainment in these high‐latitude settings are not well constrained empirically, providing little guidance for the parameterization of aerosol dispersion models. A series of laboratory wind tunnel simulations were carried out under full climate control to evaluate these effects for Icelandic samples collected from five active dust sources, inclusive of volcanic ash and glaciofluvial sediments. PM₁₀ emission rates measured in this study are similar in magnitude to those obtained in a small number of field studies within selected high‐latitude regions, and for volcanic ash using a PI‐SWERL. The scaling with friction velocity is well described by the 1988 dust emission model of Gillette and Passi, while the parameterization appears to be strongly dependent on the median particle size. Sediments from the coarsest Icelandic dust sources were found to be most emissive, owing to the importance of particle impact, while the proportionate amount of PM₁₀ within the test bed was not found to correlate with the emission rate.

中文翻译：

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基于风洞的冰岛内火山灰和冰川成因气溶胶源PM10排放速率比较

冰岛每年向大气中贡献30–40亿吨矿物粉尘。排放事件与PM ₁₀浓度过高有关，空气质量差和呼吸系统疾病，尤其是在雷克雅未克。火山碎屑气溶胶具有独特的微物理特性，通常是多孔的且具有很大的角度，具有大的表面积，可承载超细的纳米级防尘涂层。较大的内部空隙空间导致了较低的粒子密度，据信这会影响大气边界层中的发射和沉积速率以及传输范围。但是，在这些高纬度环境中控制粉尘夹带的空气动力学和沉积学因素在经验上并没有得到很好的约束，因此几乎没有为气溶胶弥散模型的参数化提供指导。在完全气候控制下进行了一系列实验室风洞模拟，以评估从五个活动粉尘源收集的冰岛样品的这些影响，包括火山灰和冰川河流沉积物。下午在这项研究中测得的_10种排放速率的大小与在选定的高纬度地区以及使用PI‐SWERL获得的火山灰的少量实地研究获得的排放速率相似。1988年的吉列（Gillette）和帕西（Passi）尘埃排放模型很好地描述了随摩擦速度变化的标度，而参数化似乎很大程度上取决于中值粒径。由于颗粒撞击的重要性，发现来自最粗糙的冰岛粉尘源的沉积物最容易排放，而未发现试验床中PM ₁₀的比例与排放率相关。