Bacteria and fungi are of uttermost importance in determining environmental and host functioning. Despite close interactions between animals, plants, their associated microbiomes, and the environment they inhabit, the distribution and role of bacteria and especially fungi across host and environments as well as the cross‐habitat determinants of their community compositions remain little investigated. Using a uniquely broad global dataset of 13 483 metagenomes, we analysed the microbiome structure and function of 25 host‐associated and environmental habitats, focusing on potential interactions between bacteria and fungi. We found that the metagenomic relative abundance ratio of bacteria‐to‐fungi is a distinctive microbial feature of habitats. Compared with fungi, the cross‐habitat distribution pattern of bacteria was more strongly driven by habitat type. Fungal diversity was depleted in host‐associated communities compared with those in the environment, particularly terrestrial habitats, whereas this diversity pattern was less pronounced for bacteria. The relative gene functional potential of bacteria or fungi reflected their diversity patterns and appeared to depend on a balance between substrate availability and biotic interactions. Alongside helping to identify hotspots and sources of microbial diversity, our study provides support for differences in assembly patterns and processes between bacterial and fungal communities across different habitats.

中文翻译：

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细菌和真菌全球多样性和分布的宏基因组评估

细菌和真菌在决定环境和宿主功能方面至关重要。尽管动物、植物、它们相关的微生物组和它们所居住的环境之间存在密切的相互作用，但细菌，尤其是真菌在宿主和环境中的分布和作用，以及它们群落组成的跨栖息地决定因素仍然很少被研究。使用包含 13 483 个宏基因组的独特广泛的全球数据集，我们分析了 25 个宿主相关和环境栖息地的微生物组结构和功能，重点关注细菌和真菌之间的潜在相互作用。我们发现细菌与真菌的宏基因组相对丰度比是栖息地的一个显着微生物特征。与真菌相比，细菌的跨栖息地分布模式受栖息地类型的影响更大。与环境中的真菌多样性相比，宿主相关群落中的真菌多样性被耗尽，特别是陆地栖息地，而这种多样性模式对于细菌来说并不那么明显。细菌或真菌的相对基因功能潜力反映了它们的多样性模式，并且似乎取决于底物可用性和生物相互作用之间的平衡。除了帮助确定微生物多样性的热点和来源外，我们的研究还为不同栖息地的细菌和真菌群落之间组装模式和过程的差异提供了支持。而这种多样性模式对于细菌来说不太明显。细菌或真菌的相对基因功能潜力反映了它们的多样性模式，并且似乎取决于底物可用性和生物相互作用之间的平衡。除了帮助确定微生物多样性的热点和来源外，我们的研究还为不同栖息地的细菌和真菌群落之间组装模式和过程的差异提供了支持。而这种多样性模式对于细菌来说不太明显。细菌或真菌的相对基因功能潜力反映了它们的多样性模式，并且似乎取决于底物可用性和生物相互作用之间的平衡。除了帮助确定微生物多样性的热点和来源外，我们的研究还为不同栖息地的细菌和真菌群落之间组装模式和过程的差异提供了支持。