Cancer immunotherapy has dramatically changed the approach to cancer treatment. The aim of targeting the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells has afforded many patients the prospect of achieving deep, long-term remission and potential cures. However, many challenges remain for achieving the goal of effective immunotherapy for all cancer patients. Checkpoint inhibitors have been able to achieve long-term responses in a minority of patients, yet improving response rates with combination therapies increases the possibility of toxicity. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells have demonstrated high response rates in hematological cancers, although most patients experience relapse. In addition, some cancers are notoriously immunologically "cold" and typically are not effective targets for immunotherapy. Overcoming these obstacles will require new strategies to improve upon the efficacy of current agents, identify biomarkers to select appropriate therapies, and discover new modalities to expand the accessibility of immunotherapy to additional tumor types and patient populations.

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癌症免疫治疗前沿——研讨会报告

癌症免疫疗法极大地改变了癌症治疗方法。针对免疫系统识别和破坏癌细胞的目标为许多患者提供了实现深度、长期缓解和潜在治愈的前景。然而，要实现对所有癌症患者进行有效免疫治疗的目标，仍然存在许多挑战。检查点抑制剂已经能够在少数患者中实现长期反应，但通过联合疗法提高反应率会增加毒性的可能性。尽管大多数患者会复发，但嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞已在血液癌症中表现出高反应率。此外，一些癌症在免疫学上是出了名的“冷”，通常不是免疫治疗的有效靶点。