Abstract This paper presents a formula to estimate the stable weight of a rubble mound for breakwaters, considering the tsunami-induced overflow and seepage flow, based on the theoretical force balance among the frictional resistance of the rubble mound, the tractive force of the water flow over the caisson to the rubble mound and the seepage force of the rubble mound through the breakwaters. A series of hydraulic model tests was conducted on the scale of 1/100 for the Kamaishi Harbor Mouth Breakwaters in order to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed formula. Using the test results, the stability of rubble mounds for breakwaters was evaluated from the geotechnical engineering and hydrodynamical points of view.

中文翻译：

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海啸溢流和渗流作用下防波堤碎石堆的不稳定性评价

摘要 本文基于碎石堆摩擦阻力、水流牵引力之间的理论力平衡，提出了考虑海啸引起的溢流和渗流的防波堤碎石堆稳定重量估算公式。越过沉箱到碎石堆以及碎石堆通过防波堤的渗流力。为了证实所提出的公式的有效性，对釜石港口防波堤进行了一系列比例为 1/100 的水力模型试验。使用测试结果，从岩土工程和水动力的角度评估了用于防波堤的碎石堆的稳定性。