Background

Physical activity is a well-established protective factor and treatment for depression. However, past research suggested that the context of physical activity might moderate relations with depression. Addressing this possibility directly, the hypothesis that physical activity occurring during recreation, versus during transportation or work, is more strongly negatively correlated with depression was tested.

Method

Data were drawn from six, two-year cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (years 2007–2018), yielding a national sample of adults 20 years and older in the United States (N = 26,842). Participants completed structured interviews assessing physical activity in three contexts (work, recreation, and transportation) and depressive symptomatology. The study design was cross-sectional and observational.

Results

Supporting the hypothesis, substantive physical activity during recreation (e.g., fitness, sports; odds ratio = 0.57) was a stronger predictor of diagnostic-level depressive symptomatology than was physical activity during work (e.g., paid work, unpaid chores; odds ratio = 0.98) or during transportation (e.g., walking, biking to get places; odds ratio = 0.93). Analyses controlled for age, gender, ethnicity, education, income, smoking, body mass index, and employment status.

Conclusions

The context of physical activity moderates relations between physical activity and depression. These findings raise the possibility that individuals who engage in physical activity only at work or for transportation, but not for recreation, may not receive significant mood benefits from physical activity.

中文翻译：

---

背景是否减轻了体育锻炼与抑郁的关系？：一项横断面研究

背景

体育锻炼是公认的抑郁症保护因子和治疗方法。但是，过去的研究表明，体育锻炼的环境可能会缓解与抑郁症的关系。直接解决了这种可能性，检验了以下假设：在娱乐过程中发生的体育活动与在运输或工作期间发生的体育活动与抑郁症的相关性更强。

方法

数据来自全国健康与营养检查调查的六个，两年周期（2007-  2018年），得出了美国20岁及以上成年人的全国样本（N = 26,842）。参与者完成了结构化访谈，评估了三种情况（工作，娱乐和交通）和抑郁症状的体育活动。研究设计是横断面和观察性的。

结果

支持该假设的是，娱乐期间的实质性体育活动（例如，健身，运动；优势比= 0.57）比工作期间的体育活动（例如，有偿工作，无酬杂务；优势比= 0.98）是诊断水平抑郁症状的更强预测指标。 ）或在运输过程中（例如，步行，骑自行车找地方；优势比= 0.93）。对年龄，性别，种族，教育，收入，吸烟，体重指数和就业状况进行控制的分析。

结论

体力活动的背景减轻了体力活动和抑郁之间的关系。这些发现增加了这样的可能性，即仅在工作或运输中进行体育锻炼但不用于娱乐的人可能不会从体育锻炼中获得明显的情绪益处。