Stem cells therapy could improve survival in patients with liver failure. Studies on stem cell therapy and related growth factors in decompensated cirrhosis has been on the forefront but has shown heterogenous results. Recent high-quality studies have shown a lack of efficacy and safety. Patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) are a unique group with high mortality in the short-term associated with rapid onset extrahepatic organ failures. In these patients, there is an urgent need to identify treatments that can improve liver cell function and mass, prevent sepsis/organ failure, ameliorate systemic inflammation, and increase transplant-free survival. Stem cells are a novel treatment in ACLF but with unclear efficacy and safety. In this narrative review, we discuss the basics of liver regeneration in patients with ACLF and update current clinical status of stem cell use in patients with ACLF for improving our understanding of future directions.

中文翻译：

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仍然“存在于可能性中”-慢性肝衰竭急性期干细胞治疗的重要更新。

干细胞疗法可以改善肝衰竭患者的生存率。在失代偿性肝硬化中对干细胞疗法和相关生长因子的研究一直处于前沿，但已显示出异类结果。最近的高质量研究表明缺乏疗效和安全性。慢性慢性肝功能衰竭（ACLF）患者是一组独特的人群，在短期内会伴随快速发作的肝外器官衰竭而导致高死亡率。在这些患者中，迫切需要找到可以改善肝细胞功能和质量，预防败血症/器官衰竭，改善全身性炎症并增加无移植物存活率的治疗方法。干细胞是ACLF的一种新型治疗方法，但疗效和安全性尚不清楚。在这篇叙述性评论中，