Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are characterized by moderate to severe pain in the masticatory muscles and/or the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The present study is a part of a multidisciplinary project, initiated by the Norwegian Ministry of Health. The main purpose of this study is to compare a cohort of TMD patients to healthy individuals regarding experimental pain, the degree of disability caused by living with pain and psychometric variables, and to investigate which of these variables is the best predictor for TMD patients. We hypothesised that TMD patients have more disability when living with pain and lower pain thresholds than healthy controls, and those psychometric variables are stronger predictors than pain thresholds provoked by experimental pain. Sixty TMD patients were matched by sex and age to sixty healthy individuals without TMD symptoms or other musculoskeletal symptoms in the head and neck region. All subjects completed a questionnaire that included psychometric characteristics, that is, a one- and two-item version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Roland Morris Scale (RMS), which measures disability when living with pain. They also underwent a clinical examination including the measurement of pain thresholds with electrical and pressure stimuli. The TMD patients had lower pain thresholds for experimental electrical and pressure stimuli compared with the controls ( < 0.05 and <0.001, respectively). They also scored higher than healthy individuals with disability living with pain (), anxiety (), depression (), and catastrophizing (). The results for anxiety, depression, and catastrophizing have been published earlier, and the reused data in this study are compared with RMS and pain thresholds. The conditional logistic regression model identified catastrophizing (OR = 2.42, CI 1.22–4.79) as a significant predictor of TMD patients. The results support this hypothesis and indicate that TMD patients have lower pain thresholds and more disability when living with pain compared to healthy individuals, where the strongest prediction for TMD was catastrophizing. Awareness of psychometric disabilities in TMD patients is of importance when considering the choice of treatment.

中文翻译：

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与其他心理和实验疼痛变量相比，巨灾对TMD的预测更好

颞下颌疾病（TMD）的特征是咀嚼肌和/或颞下颌关节（TMJ）中度至重度疼痛。本研究是由挪威卫生部发起的多学科项目的一部分。这项研究的主要目的是比较一组TMD患者与健康个体在实验性疼痛，因疼痛而生活所致的残疾程度和心理计量学变量之间的差异，并研究其中哪些变量是TMD患者的最佳预测指标。我们假设，与健康对照组相比，TMD患者在遭受疼痛和较低的疼痛阈值时有更多的残疾，并且这些心理测度变量比由实验性疼痛引起的疼痛阈值更容易预测。根据性别和年龄，将60例TMD患者与60例在头部和颈部区域无TMD症状或其他肌肉骨骼症状的健康个体匹配。所有受试者均完成了一份包括心理计量学特征的问卷，即疼痛灾难性量表，医院焦虑与抑郁量表（HADS）和罗兰·莫里斯量表（RMS）的一两项和两项版本，用于衡量残疾情况。痛苦地生活。他们还接受了临床检查，包括通过电刺激和压力刺激测量疼痛阈值。与对照组相比，TMD患者的实验性电刺激和压力刺激疼痛阈值较低（也就是疼痛灾难性量表，医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）和罗兰·莫里斯量表（RMS）的一个和两个项目版本，用于衡量因疼痛而生活的残疾。他们还接受了临床检查，包括通过电刺激和压力刺激测量疼痛阈值。与对照组相比，TMD患者的实验性电刺激和压力刺激疼痛阈值较低（也就是疼痛灾难性量表，医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）和罗兰·莫里斯量表（RMS）的一个和两个项目版本，用于衡量因疼痛而生活的残疾。他们还接受了临床检查，包括通过电刺激和压力刺激测量疼痛阈值。与对照组相比，TMD患者的实验性电刺激和压力刺激疼痛阈值较低（ 分别<0.05和<0.001）。他们的得分也高于健康且患有疼痛的残疾人（），焦虑症（），抑郁症（）和灾难性的（）。焦虑，抑郁和灾难性疾病的结果已在较早之前发表，并将本研究中的重复使用数据与RMS和疼痛阈值进行了比较。条件逻辑回归模型确定灾难性（OR = 2.42，CI 1.22–4.79）是TMD患者的重要预测指标。结果支持了这一假设，并表明与健康个体相比，TMD患者的疼痛阈值更低，并且在遭受痛苦时的残疾程度更高，因为健康个体对TMD的最强预测是灾难性的。考虑选择治疗方法时，TMD患者的心理测验障碍意识非常重要。