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Environmental Factors May Drive the Post-release Movements of Surrogate-Reared Sea Otters
Frontiers in Marine Science ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 , DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.539904
Sarah L. Becker , Teri E. Nicholson , Karl A. Mayer , Michael J. Murray , Kyle S. Van Houtan

Southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) are currently >80% depleted with respect to both abundance and range occupancy baselines, challenging the long-term persistence of the species and the ecosystem benefits their populations might provide. From 2001 to 2018, the Monterey Bay Aquarium rescued stranded sea otter pups and reared them in captivity through a surrogacy program using non-releasable adult females. We gave 11,396 days of captive care to 56 otters, reintroduced them into the wild, and observed them over 894 total field days after release. This study describes the post-release movements of the 42 successfully released otters, quantifying their dispersal patterns and modeling environmental, demographic, and animal care influences through a machine learning framework. This random forest model specifically considers predictor variable correlation, accounts for individual and joint variable impacts, and evaluates robustness through sensitivity analyses. Heavy tailed dispersal models best explained the (n = 641) daily movements of surrogate-reared otters, and the random forest outputs ranked population demography, population growth, and El Niño most significantly. Occasionally aided by recaptures, the scale of dispersals consistently declined after release, indicating successfully released otters stabilized their movements within 3 weeks in the wild. Our results show dispersal is an important metric for measuring the success of sea otter releases and suggest environmental factors (including climate) at release sites may determine the success of reintroduction programs.

中文翻译:

环境因素可能会驱动代孕海獭的放生后运动

南部海獭 (Enhydra lutris nereis) 目前在丰度和范围占用基线方面的消耗超过 80%,挑战了该物种的长期持久性及其种群可能提供的生态系统利益。从 2001 年到 2018 年,蒙特雷湾水族馆拯救了搁浅的海獭幼崽,并通过使用不可释放的成年雌性的代孕计划将它们圈养起来。我们对 56 只水獭进行了 11,396 天的圈养护理,将它们重新引入野外,并在释放后总共观察了 894 天。这项研究描述了 42 只成功释放的水獭在释放后的运动,量化了它们的散布模式,并通过机器学习框架对环境、人口统计和动物护理的影响进行了建模。这种随机森林模型专门考虑了预测变量的相关性,考虑了个体和联合变量的影响,并通过敏感性分析来评估稳健性。重尾扩散模型最好地解释了 (n = 641) 代孕水獭的日常运动,随机森林输出对人口统计、人口增长和厄尔尼诺现象的排名最为显着。偶尔在重新捕获的帮助下,释放后分散的规模持续下降,表明成功释放的水獭在野外 3 周内稳定了它们的运动。我们的结果表明,散布是衡量海獭释放成功的重要指标,并表明释放地点的环境因素(包括气候)可能决定重新引入计划的成功。考虑个人和联合变量的影响,并通过敏感性分析评估稳健性。重尾扩散模型最好地解释了 (n = 641) 代孕水獭的日常运动,随机森林输出对人口统计、人口增长和厄尔尼诺现象的排名最为显着。偶尔在重新捕获的帮助下,释放后分散的规模持续下降,表明成功释放的水獭在野外 3 周内稳定了它们的运动。我们的结果表明,散布是衡量海獭释放成功的重要指标,并表明释放地点的环境因素(包括气候)可能决定重新引入计划的成功。考虑个人和联合变量的影响,并通过敏感性分析评估稳健性。重尾扩散模型最好地解释了 (n = 641) 代孕水獭的日常运动,随机森林输出对人口统计、人口增长和厄尔尼诺现象的排名最为显着。偶尔在重新捕获的帮助下,释放后分散的规模持续下降,表明成功释放的水獭在野外 3 周内稳定了它们的运动。我们的结果表明,散布是衡量海獭释放成功的重要指标,并表明释放地点的环境因素(包括气候)可能决定重新引入计划的成功。重尾扩散模型最好地解释了 (n = 641) 代孕水獭的日常运动,随机森林输出对人口统计、人口增长和厄尔尼诺现象的排名最为显着。偶尔在重新捕获的帮助下,释放后分散的规模持续下降,表明成功释放的水獭在野外 3 周内稳定了它们的运动。我们的结果表明,散布是衡量海獭释放成功的重要指标,并表明释放地点的环境因素(包括气候)可能决定重新引入计划的成功。重尾扩散模型最好地解释了 (n = 641) 代孕水獭的日常运动,随机森林输出对人口统计、人口增长和厄尔尼诺现象的排名最为显着。偶尔在重新捕获的帮助下,释放后分散的规模持续下降,表明成功释放的水獭在野外 3 周内稳定了它们的运动。我们的结果表明,散布是衡量海獭释放成功的重要指标,并表明释放地点的环境因素(包括气候)可能决定重新引入计划的成功。释放后的散布规模持续下降,表明成功释放的水獭在野外 3 周内稳定了它们的活动。我们的结果表明,散布是衡量海獭释放成功的重要指标,并表明释放地点的环境因素(包括气候)可能决定重新引入计划的成功。释放后的散布规模持续下降,表明成功释放的水獭在野外 3 周内稳定了它们的活动。我们的结果表明,散布是衡量海獭释放成功的重要指标,并表明释放地点的环境因素(包括气候)可能决定重新引入计划的成功。
更新日期:2020-11-12
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