The implementation of the European integrated marine policy poses many scientific challenges. Among them, the knowledge and understanding of interactions between anthropogenic pressures and ecological components is an important issue, particularly to help define Good Environmental Status, environmental targets and monitoring programs of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008, MSFD). Assessment of cumulative effects of different pressures is a particularly complex issue requiring modeling tools and methods, as well as accurate data sets on human activities, anthropogenic pressures and ecological components. The results of these assessments are also uncertain and highly dependent on the calculation methods and assumptions, as well as on the data sets used. Within this context, we developed a technical and methodological approach to map the risk of cumulative effects of different pressures on benthic habitats. These developments were initiated as part of the implementation of the MSFD in France to contribute to the diagnosis of the marine environment. Here we provide a demonstrator to illustrate the feasibility for mapping the risk of cumulative effects of different pressures on benthic habitats, as well as the confidence index and the variability associated with this analysis. The method is based on a spatial analysis using a mapping of benthic habitats and their sensitivity to pressures, as well as the distribution and intensity of human activities and associated pressures. We collected and prepared relatively accurate and consistent data sets to describe human activities and benthic habitats. Data sets are embedded into a grid that facilitates the management and analysis of the data and exploitation of the results. The demonstrator consists of a relational database using the Spatial Query Language (SQL) language as well as data analysis scripts using the R language. The first demonstrator operations validated the main methodological and technical choices and helped to identify future developments needed to facilitate the appropriation and integration of these approaches in the implementation of public policies for the management of the marine environment.

中文翻译：

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绘制底栖栖息地累积影响风险的方法和工具

欧洲综合海洋政策的实施带来了许多科学挑战。其中，对人为压力和生态成分之间相互作用的认识和理解是一个重要问题，特别是有助于定义海洋战略框架指令（2008，MSFD）的良好环境状态、环境目标和监测计划。评估不同压力的累积影响是一个特别复杂的问题，需要建模工具和方法，以及关于人类活动、人为压力和生态成分的准确数据集。这些评估的结果也不确定，并且高度依赖于计算方法和假设，以及所使用的数据集。在此背景下，我们开发了一种技术和方法论方法来绘制不同压力对底栖栖息地的累积影响的风险。这些发展是作为在法国实施 MSFD 的一部分而启动的，以促进海洋环境的诊断。在这里，我们提供了一个演示器来说明绘制不同压力对底栖栖息地的累积影响风险的可行性，以及与此分析相关的置信指数和可变性。该方法基于空间分析，使用底栖栖息地及其对压力的敏感性以及人类活动和相关压力的分布和强度的映射。我们收集并准备了相对准确和一致的数据集来描述人类活动和底栖栖息地。数据集嵌入到网格中，便于数据的管理和分析以及结果的利用。演示器由使用空间查询语言 (SQL) 语言的关系数据库和使用 R 语言的数据分析脚本组成。第一次示范操作验证了主要的方法和技术选择，并帮助确定了促进这些方法在实施海洋环境管理公共政策中的应用和整合所需的未来发展。