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The effects of pollination, herbivory and autonomous selfing on the maintenance of flower colour variation in Silenelittorea
Plant Biology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 , DOI: 10.1111/plb.13209
M. L. Buide 1 , J. C. Del Valle 1 , A. Prado‐Comesaña 2 , E. Narbona 1
Affiliation  

  • Intraspecific flower colour variation has been generally proposed to evolve as a result of selection driven by biotic or abiotic agents.
  • In a polymorphic population of Silene littorea with pink‐ and white‐flowered plants, we studied pollinators, analysed flower colour perception and tested for differences in pollinator visitation. We also experimentally analysed pollinator limitation in fruit and seed set, and the degree of autonomous selfing. The incidence of florivory and leaf herbivory was compared over 3–4 years.
  • Silene littorea is mainly pollinated by bees and butterflies. Pollinators preferred pink flowers, which did not show pollinator limitation. On the contrary, white flowers showed pollinator limitation in fruit set. White‐flowered plants had less floral display and higher levels of florivory than pink plants. Flower colour morphs of S. littorea can reproduce in the absence of pollinators by autonomous selfing, setting 20% and 12% of fruit and seeds in the pink morph and 27% and 20% in the white morph, respectively. Fruit set of white flowers produced by autonomous selfing did not differ from open‐pollinated flowers.
  • In conclusion, S. littorea is pollinated by insects of different orders that more frequently visit pink flowers, which is reflected in pollinator limitation of fruit set in white flowers. Moreover, this species has a mixed mating system in which both colour morphs can reproduce in the absence of pollinators by autonomous selfing, although white flowers mainly produce fruits by autogamy. We suggest that reproductive assurance by autonomous selfing helps to maintain flower colour polymorphism in this population.


中文翻译:

传粉,食草和自主自交对维持千里花花色变化的影响

  • 一般提出种内花色变化是由于生物或非生物试剂驱动的选择而演变的。
  • 在一个带有粉红色和白色花朵植物的多角Silene littorea种群中,我们研究了传粉媒介,分析了花朵的颜色感知并测试了传粉媒介访视的差异。我们还通过实验分析了授粉媒介在果实和种子中的局限性,以及自主自交的程度。比较了3-4年间食草和叶片食草的发生率。
  • 硅烷立陶宛主要被蜜蜂和蝴蝶授粉。授粉者偏爱粉红色的花朵,但没有授粉限制。相反,白花在坐果上显示出授粉限制。与粉红色的植物相比,白花的植物具有较少的花样显示和较高的花粉水平。在没有传粉媒介的情况下,通过自主自交可以繁殖出链霉菌的花色形态,将20%和12%的果实和种子定为粉红色,将27%和20%定为白色。自主自交产生的白色花朵的果实与开放授粉的花朵没有区别。
  • 总而言之,littorea链球菌被不同顺序的昆虫授粉,这些昆虫更常访问粉红色的花朵,这反映在白花果实的授粉媒介限制中。而且,该物种具有混合交配系统,尽管没有白色,但通过自主自交,虽然没有授粉媒介,但两种颜色都可以繁殖。我们建议通过自主自交的生殖保证有助于维持该种群的花色多态性。
更新日期:2020-11-12
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