An extensive body of work has shown that attentional capture is contingent on the goals of the observer: Capture is strongly reduced or even eliminated when an irrelevant singleton stimulus does not match the target-defining properties (Folk et al., 1992). There has been a long-standing debate on whether attentional capture can be explained by goal-driven and/or stimulus-driven accounts. Here, we shed further light on this matter by using EEG activity (raw EEG and alpha power) to provide a time-resolved index of attentional orienting towards salient stimuli, that either matched or did not match target-defining properties. A search display containing the target stimulus was preceded by a spatially uninformative singleton cue that either matched the color of the upcoming target (contingent cues), or that appeared in an irrelevant color (non-contingent cues). Multivariate analysis of raw EEG and alpha power revealed preferential tuning to the location of both contingent and non-contingent cues, with a stronger bias towards contingent than non-contingent cues. The time course of these effects, however, depended on the neural signal. Raw EEG data revealed attentional orienting towards the contingent cue early on in the trial (>156 ms), while alpha power revealed sustained spatial selection in the cued locations at a later moment in the trial (>250 ms). Moreover, while raw EEG showed stronger capture by contingent cues during this early time window, an advantage for contingent cues arose during a later time window in alpha band activity. Thus, our findings suggest that raw EEG activity and alpha-band power tap into distinct neural processes that index separate aspects of covert spatial attention.

中文翻译：

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脑电活动指标的多变量分析视情况而定的注意捕获

大量工作表明，注意力捕获取决于观察者的目标：当不相关的单一刺激与目标定义属性不匹配时，捕获会大大减少甚至消除（Folk 等，1992）。关于注意力捕获是否可以用目标驱动和/或刺激驱动的解释来解释，长期以来一直存在争论。在这里，我们通过使用 EEG 活动（原始 EEG 和 alpha 功率）来提供一个时间分辨的指向显着刺激的注意力指数，这与目标定义属性匹配或不匹配，从而进一步阐明了这个问题。包含目标刺激的搜索显示之前是一个空间上无信息的单一线索，该线索要么与即将到来的目标的颜色（偶然线索）相匹配，要么 或者以不相关的颜色出现（非偶然线索）。原始 EEG 和 alpha 功率的多变量分析揭示了对偶然和非偶然线索的位置的优先调整，对偶然线索的偏向比非偶然线索更强。然而，这些影响的时间过程取决于神经信号。原始 EEG 数据显示，在试验早期（> 156 ms）注意对偶然线索的关注，而 alpha 功率显示在试验后期（> 250 ms）线索位置的持续空间选择。此外，虽然原始脑电图在这个早期时间窗口中显示出更强的偶然线索捕获，但在 alpha 波段活动的后期时间窗口中出现了偶然线索的优势。因此，