Scientists around the world are conducting research in the production of new materials and alloys with a good set of physicomechanical properties with the aim of their prospective application in a wide variety of industries. Today, researchers in this field are faced with the problem of improving known and creating new methods for producing heat-resistant, thermally stable, and wear-resistant materials. For example, alloys based on iron aluminides have good anti-corrosion properties and oxidation resistance due to formation of aluminum oxide, as well as low cost. Iron aluminides belong to a class of especially light promising structural materials and are used in mechanical engineering, metallurgy and electrical engineering. Preparation of Fe–Al aluminides for the production of materials and coatings is currently being accomplished using isostatic pressing and sintering in a vacuum, arc and plasma spraying, electroslag remelting, and self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, which do not fully meet contemporary requirements, since the production processes for preparing these alloys using known methods are multi-stage. Development of simple and productive technology for producing high-quality intermetallic compounds in the Fe–Al system is an urgent scientific and technical task. So far the most feasible approach is one that provides preparation of iron aluminides by combined aluminothermic reduction of the original metal oxides using SHS-metallurgy in one stage. Mechanical and operating properties of compounds of the Fe–Al system are largely determined by lattice parameters and structural features. All intermetallic compounds of the Fe–Al system exhibit a brittle fracture pattern. In order to adjust the physicomechanical and operating properties various elements, such as chromium, niobium, carbon, molybdenum, tungsten, etc., are added to an alloy composition based on the Fe–Al system. These elements are introduced into the alloy by assembling special charge materials in which the elements are present in pure form or in the form of compounds, including oxides, in various combinations above, up to, and equal to the stoichiometric ratio. The starting components of charge mixtures are cheap low-cost materials, including waste from engineering and metallurgical enterprises. Studies of the properties of the experimental alloys obtained, in particular chemical composition, phases formed, microstructure, strength, hardness, wear resistance, corrosion and oxidation confirm their suitability for operation in high temperature and corrosive environments. At the same time, it is possible to correct further the properties by treating the resulting alloys with the methods of deformation and heat treatment, as a result of which the latter not only increase in strength and yield strength, but also increase in elongation associated with a change in grain size and shape. Development of new alloys based on iron aluminides, combining a set of the required properties and chemical composition, allows them to be used as independent structural materials, and as modifiers in smelting various alloys. At the same time, it is possible to expand the field of application of alloys based on iron aluminide with wider use in the aerospace industry, where these materials may replace expensive nickel aluminides, titanium alloys, etc.

中文翻译：

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铝热法制备含铁金属间化合物的形成机理及特殊处理方法对其性能的影响

世界各地的科学家正在研究生产具有一系列良好物理机械性能的新材料和合金，以期将其预期应用于各种行业。今天，该领域的研究人员面临着改进已知的和创造生产耐热、热稳定和耐磨材料的新方法的问题。例如，基于铝化铁的合金由于形成氧化铝而具有良好的抗腐蚀性和抗氧化性，并且成本低。铝化铁属于一类特别轻质的结构材料，用于机械工程、冶金和电气工程。用于材料和涂层生产的 Fe-Al 铝化物的制备目前采用等静压和真空烧结、电弧和等离子喷涂、电渣重熔、自蔓延高温合成等方法完成，不能完全满足当代要求，因为使用已知方法制备这些合金的生产过程是多阶段的。开发在Fe-Al体系中生产高质量金属间化合物的简单高效的技术是一项紧迫的科学技术任务。迄今为止，最可行的方法是通过在一个阶段中使用 SHS 冶金对原始金属氧化物进行组合铝热还原来制备铝化铁。Fe-Al 系统化合物的机械和操作性能在很大程度上取决于晶格参数和结构特征。Fe-Al 系统的所有金属间化合物都表现出脆性断裂模式。为了调整物理机械和操作性能，在基于 Fe-Al 系统的合金成分中添加了各种元素，如铬、铌、碳、钼、钨等。这些元素通过组装特殊的装料材料而被引入合金中，其中元素以纯形式或以化合物的形式存在，包括以上述各种组合的形式存在，直至并等于化学计量比。装料混合物的起始成分是廉价的低成本材料，包括来自工程和冶金企业的废料。对获得的实验合金的性能，特别是化学成分、相形成、微观结构、强度、硬度、耐磨性、腐蚀和氧化的研究证实了它们在高温和腐蚀性环境中运行的适用性。同时，可以通过变形和热处理的方法处理所得合金来进一步校正性能，因此后者不仅增加了强度和屈服强度，而且增加了与晶粒大小和形状的变化。开发基于铝化铁的新合金，结合一组所需的性能和化学成分，使它们能够用作独立的结构材料，并在熔炼各种合金时用作改性剂。同时，