Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common tumor of the urinary tract. Increasing evidence showed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a critical regulator in cancer development and progression. However, the functions of lncRNAs in the development of BC remain mostly undefined. In this study, based on RNA sequence profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we identified 723 lncRNAs, 157 miRNAs, and 1816 mRNAs aberrantly expressed in BC tissues. A competing endogenous RNA network, including 49 lncRNAs, 17 miRNAs, and 36 mRNAs, was then established. The functional enrichment analyses showed that the mRNAs in the ceRNA network mainly participated in "regulation of transcription" and "pathways in cancer". Moreover, the Cox regression analyses demonstrated that three lncRNAs (AC112721.1, TMPRSS11GP, and ADAMTS9-AS1) could serve as independent risk factors. We established a risk prediction model with these lncRNAs. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that high-risk patients' prognosis was lower than that of low-risk patients (p = 0.001). This study provides novel insights into the lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network and the potential of lncRNAs to be candidate prognostic biomarkers in BC, which could help better understand the pathological changes and pathogenesis of BC and be useful for clinical studies in the future.

中文翻译：

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基于竞争性内源性网络探索膀胱癌的预后生物标志物。

膀胱癌（BC）是最常见的泌尿道肿瘤。越来越多的证据表明，长的非编码RNA（lncRNA）是癌症发展和进程中的关键调节剂。然而，lncRNAs在BC的发展中的功能仍未明确。在这项研究中，基于The Cancer Genome Atlas数据库的RNA序列概况，我们鉴定了在BC组织中异常表达的723个lncRNA，157个miRNA和1816个mRNA。然后建立了一个竞争性内源性RNA网络，包括49个lncRNA，17个miRNA和36个mRNA。功能富集分析表明，ceRNA网络中的mRNA主要参与“转录调控”和“癌症途径”。此外，Cox回归分析表明，三个lncRNA（AC112721.1，TMPRSS11GP，和ADAMTS9-AS1）可以作为独立的危险因素。我们使用这些lncRNA建立了风险预测模型。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析显示，高危患者的预后低于低危患者（p = 0.001）。这项研究为lncRNA介导的ceRNA网络以及lncRNAs在BC中作为候选预后生物标志物的潜力提供了新颖的见解，这将有助于更好地了解BC的病理变化和发病机理，并在将来的临床研究中有用。