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Spinal muscular atrophy type III complicated by spinal superficial siderosis: a case report with molecular and neuropathological findings
Acta Neuropathologica Communications ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 , DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01063-9
Catherine Elizabeth Pringle 1 , Robert Nelson 1 , Willie Miller 2 , Rashmi Kothary 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 , Jean Michaud 8
Affiliation  

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is largely linked to deletion or mutation of the Survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene located on chromosome 5q13. Type III (Kugelberg–Welander disease) is the mildest childhood form and patients may become ambulatory and have a normal life expectancy. We report the clinical history and morphological findings of a 55-year-old woman who began to experience motor problems at the age of two. She was never fully ambulatory, and her severe scoliosis required the insertion of surgical rod at age 19. Unexpectedly, around 35 years of age, she began to experience sensory symptoms best characterized as a myelo-radiculo-neuropathy with pain as the dominant symptom. Investigations never clarified the etiology of these symptoms. Molecular confirmation of SMA type III was done post-mortem. Neuropathological examination showed classic changes of lower motor neuron neurodegeneration, in line with those reported in the single molecularly confirmed case published so far, and with findings in rare cases reported prior to the discovery of the gene defect. A key autopsy finding was the presence of a severe superficial siderosis of the lower half of the spinal cord. In recent years, the concept of duropathy was put forward, associating superficial siderosis of the spinal cord with various spinal abnormalities, some of which were present in our patient. The presence of significant hemosiderin deposits in the spinal cord and sensory nerve roots with associated tissue and axonal damage provide a plausible explanation for the unexpected sensory symptomatology in this mild lower motor neurodegeneration.

中文翻译:

III型脊髓性肌萎缩并发脊髓浅表铁质沉积症:分子和神经病理学发现的病例报告

脊髓性肌萎缩症 (SMA) 在很大程度上与位于染色体 5q13.5 的存活运动神经元 1 (SMN1) 基因的缺失或突变有关。III 型(Kugelberg-Welander 病)是最轻微的儿童期形式,患者可能会走动并具有正常的预期寿命。我们报告了一名 55 岁女性的临床病史和形态学发现,她在两岁时开始出现运动问题。她从来没有完全走动,19 岁时她的严重脊柱侧弯需要插入手术杆。出乎意料的是,她在 35 岁左右开始出现感觉症状,最好的特征是脊髓神经根神经病,以疼痛为主要症状。调查从未阐明这些症状的病因。SMA III 型的分子确认是在死后完成的。神经病理学检查显示下运动神经元神经退行性变的经典变化,与迄今为止发表的单个分子确诊病例中报道的变化一致,并且与在发现基因缺陷之前报道的罕见病例中的发现一致。一个关键的尸检发现是脊髓下半部存在严重的浅表铁沉积。近年来,提出了硬脑病的概念,将脊髓浅表铁质沉积症与各种脊柱异常联系起来,其中一些存在于我们的患者中。脊髓和感觉神经根中显着的含铁血黄素沉积物以及相关组织和轴突损伤的存在为这种轻度下运动神经变性中的意外感觉症状提供了合理的解释。与迄今为止发表的单个分子确诊病例中报告的结果一致,以及在发现基因缺陷之前报告的罕见病例中的发现。一个关键的尸检发现是脊髓下半部存在严重的浅表铁沉积。近年来,提出了硬脑病的概念,将脊髓浅表铁质沉积症与各种脊柱异常联系起来,其中一些存在于我们的患者中。脊髓和感觉神经根中显着的含铁血黄素沉积物以及相关组织和轴突损伤的存在为这种轻度下运动神经变性中的意外感觉症状提供了合理的解释。与迄今为止发表的单个分子确诊病例中报告的结果一致,以及在发现基因缺陷之前报告的罕见病例中的发现。一个关键的尸检发现是脊髓下半部存在严重的浅表铁沉积。近年来,提出了硬脑病的概念,将脊髓浅表铁质沉积症与各种脊柱异常联系起来,其中一些存在于我们的患者中。脊髓和感觉神经根中显着的含铁血黄素沉积物以及相关组织和轴突损伤的存在为这种轻度下运动神经变性中的意外感觉症状提供了合理的解释。一个关键的尸检发现是脊髓下半部存在严重的浅表铁沉积。近年来,提出了硬脑病的概念,将脊髓浅表铁质沉积症与各种脊柱异常联系起来,其中一些存在于我们的患者中。脊髓和感觉神经根中显着的含铁血黄素沉积物以及相关组织和轴突损伤的存在为这种轻度下运动神经变性中的意外感觉症状提供了合理的解释。一个关键的尸检发现是脊髓下半部存在严重的浅表铁沉积。近年来,提出了硬脑病的概念,将脊髓浅表铁质沉积症与各种脊柱异常联系起来,其中一些存在于我们的患者中。脊髓和感觉神经根中显着的含铁血黄素沉积物以及相关组织和轴突损伤的存在为这种轻度下运动神经退行性疾病中意外的感觉症状提供了合理的解释。
更新日期:2020-11-12
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