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Earthquake-Related Signals in Central Italy Detected by Hydrogeochemical and Satellite Techniques
Frontiers in Earth Science ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-16 , DOI: 10.3389/feart.2020.584716
Giovanni Martinelli , Gianluca Facca , Nicola Genzano , Fabrizio Gherardi , Mariano Lisi , Lisa Pierotti , Valerio Tramutoli

Central Apennines are one of the highest seismic risk regions in Italy. A number of energetic events (MW > 5) struck the region during the period 2004–2017, killing several hundreds of people (e.g., 294 casualties associated with the August 24th, 2016, MW 6.0 event of Amatrice). These earthquakes impacted piezometric levels, springs discharges, and groundwater chemistry across a large area, even at distances of dozens of kilometers from the epicenters. Here we present a multidisciplinary dataset based on hydrogeochemical and satellite observations associated with the seismic events that occurred in Central Italy during the period 2004–2017, which combines information derived from the application of groundwater monitoring and satellite techniques. Groundwater monitoring techniques allowed for the detection of hydrogeochemical anomalies in spring and well waters (14 water sampling points in total, with 22 variations larger than 2σ), while satellite techniques were applied to detect time-space variations in ground thermal emissions. We detected two significant, almost synchronous, anomalies in 2009 and 2016–2017 with both techniques, and we tentatively correlated them to crustal deformation processes. Part of the observed signals were detected before mainshocks, and they appear to be related to aseismic slip or to seismic slip eventually induced by minor fluctuations in seismicity. We argue that the combination of two factors, i.e., the shallow depth of local earthquakes and the concurrent deepening of groundwater circulation paths to several km depth, allow for the recording of variations in the stress field by geofluids released at the surface.



中文翻译:

水文地球化学和卫星技术探测到意大利中部与地震有关的信号

亚平宁山脉中部是意大利地震风险最高的地区之一。一些充满活力的事件(中号w ^ > 5)在2004-2017年期间袭击了该地区,造成数百人丧生(例如,与2016年8月24日相关的294人伤亡, 中号w ^6.0事件(Amatrice)。这些地震甚至在距震中数十公里的范围内,都影响了测压水位,泉水排放以及整个区域的地下水化学性质。在这里,我们介绍了一个多学科的数据集,该数据集基于与2004-2017年期间意大利中部发生的地震事件有关的水文地球化学和卫星观测资料,结合了从地下水监测和卫星技术应用中获得的信息。地下水监测技术可用于探测泉水和井水中的水文地球化学异常(总共14个水采样点,其中22个变化大于2σ),而卫星技术则用于检测地面热辐射的时空变化。我们使用这两种技术在2009年和2016-2017年发现了两个明显且几乎同步的异常,并将它们与地壳形变过程相关联。在主震之前检测到部分观测到的信号,它们似乎与抗震滑动或最终由地震活动性小幅波动引起的地震滑动有关。我们认为,两个因素的结合,即局部地震的浅深度和地下水循环路径同时加深到几公里的深度,可以记录地表释放的地流体的应力场变化。

更新日期:2020-11-12
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